Hamlets Irrational Emotions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1017 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and late King Hamlet. Hamlet is also the nephew of King Claudius. In the story Hamlet many people are stuck between if he is actually insane or if he is faking his insanity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hamlets Irrational Emotions" essay for you Create order Some people really do believe he is mad, and some people believe he is absolutely not mad. The story is very dramatic, and a lot goes on. Hamlet has had to go through a lot in this play. One of the main problems in the story are the anger he has against his uncle Claudius and mother and having to deal with the constant changes of emotion. Also one other problem is having to deal with the death of his father. I believe his irrational emotions are linked to his insanity. Hamlets character in this story is kind of odd, he does not act like anybody else in the story. He seems very angry and indecisive. He obviously carries a lot of anger and hatred for his family but his anger is mainly toward his uncle and his mother. His father King Hamlet has been killed by his own brother King Claudius to overthrow the crown and take his spot and after this his mother, Queen Gertrude and his fathers brother started having relations with each other. This causes Hamlet to be really uncomfortable and felt that it was disgusting. He was disgusted with the choices she has made so quickly after her husbands death and because Hamlet felt as if the relationship she had with her brother in law was incest. In the beginning of the story Hamlets character is bitter, sad and he was also kind of selfish. Towards the end of the play is when he is becoming very angry, indecisive and impulsive. In the story it is hard for some people to tell if he is insane or not. Sometimes it will seem like it but sometimes it will not. He is bipolar and his emotions change very quickly. There are many symptoms of insanity, and you do not have to have all of them to be considered insane. The many symptoms of insanity include confused thinking. Confused thinking can be just like indecisiveness or hesitation. Strong feelings of anger are also another symptom of insanity which Hamlet does have. In the story he does tend to rash out a lot and he becomes very impulsive. If you are insane, you can experience hallucinations like how Hamlet was seeing the ghosts that not everyone could see. Excessive high and low moods and long lasting sadness is another symptom of insanity that Hamlet does have like when he lashes out. Out of some of the symptoms of insanity, Hamlet has six. The person who is actually insane that believes Hamlet is not could be explained by denial of obvious problems which is an other symptom that comes along with insanity that, that person may be dealing with. I do believe Hamlet is actually insane. I do not believe he is faking his insanity or that he is completely normal. I believe he is insane because he even admitted to it. Hamlet had admitted that he was insane on occasions. Also, people in the story do not trigger this act of impulsiveness or him blowing up so it is all him. Nobody makes Hamlet act this way, unlike how people who are not insane would act irrationally because of something that happened, but Hamlet just lashes out for no reason. Hamlet has committed murder. Anybody that is not the littlest bit of insane would not kill anyone especially for simple reasons. Hamlet was involved directly and indirectly in seven deaths. Some people believe that Hamlet is not insane. Either way if he is not insane the fact that he would fake his insanity is kind of insane. A sane person would not fake insanity for so long or be as committed to it like Hamlet was. I think that Hamlet has dealt with a lot of things in his life, some things that he did not cause and things that he brought upon himself. Either way I do believe he has dealt with a lot that stressed him out and put a lot on his shoulders and this caused him to become insane. Some people develop certain illnesses because of trauma they have had to deal with throughout their life. I believe that all of the murders he pursued caused him to go mad. I also believe he could be very frustrated because of how much he feels like he is being watched by King Claudius and whoever King Claudius has hired to watch him. The death of his father and his mothers relationship with his fathers brother King Claudius after King Hamlet dies could also be a traumatic situation that caused him to become insane. Hamlet found it very hard to trust anyone especially women his mother moved on so fast after her husbands death so that situation really impacted him negativity. The hatred that King Claudius and Hamlet have for each other is probably stressful to Hamlet so that just adds more that he has to deal with. Hamlets life was in danger because of King Claudius. King Claudius was trying to kill Hamlet by poisoning him but insteadaccidentally poisoned Queen Gertrude. Hamlet has lost both of his parents, his mom and dad. I believe this may be a big reason as to why Hamlet has become mad. He is dealing with all of these symptoms of insanity which could be more stressful on him, and this could increase the symptoms. I believe it is a fact that Hamlet is insane although I do not think Hamlet has always been insane. I believe his insanity came along with all the things he has had to go through with in his life. It is hard to believe he was not insane because of his character and the way he acted. A normal person would not have that type of character on a daily basis or often at all. The definition of insanity describes Hamlet perfectly.

Heart Breaking Film, By Ambrose Bierce And Directed By...

This short, yet heart breaking film is written by Ambrose Bierce and directed by Robert Enrico. This story takes place during the Civil War. A man, by the name of Peyton Farquhar, is caught tampering with the bridge and is sentenced to death by rope. Ambrose Bierce specifically created this literary piece of film to keep the readers attention and she achieved this by going into the mind of Farquhar. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† is ironic due to the inevitable time in which Farquhar has left, and the realism he must face. â€Å"Literature into Film,† Harry M. Gerald spoke of Bierce’s film as follows: â€Å"It was evident that if one saw Enrico’s film without having read the story, one would have no sense of the author’s ironic style† (Style†¦show more content†¦His thoughts seem to carry him back in time as he awaits his death. The noose then suddenly seems to just break off and Farquhar falls into the creek (Classics Revi ewed). While at first glance the creek looks shallow, but when Farquhar falls into its depths it becomes deep, which shows that he is really dreaming. His getaway itself is seen as a clear resurrection, which he effectively surpasses to make tracks in an opposite direction from death (Literary Context). Farquhar’s thoughts while standing on the plank with the noose around his neck takes him away from reality and takes him on a journey of rebirth. Before he hits the water, he feels â€Å"he swung through unthinkable arcs of oscillation, like a vast pendulum.† (Masterplots 2) The submerging under water and the removal of ropes is like a child s umbilical cord around its neck. At the point when Farquhar ascends to the surface it is represented as a child being conceived. His surroundings are also different than when he first got on the bridge, it is now summer with flowers blooming and the trees are covered with leaves. This automatically shows that this scene is a pigmen t of his imagination.The significance of him being reborn is the finished inverse in which he was getting away from, along these lines leaves the peruser with a humorous discernment. There is irony behind his escape from the soldiers’ bullets as he swims away from the bridge. The idea that this is just a dream is the bullets that miss him while

Paul Klee a Swiss

Paul Klee a Swiss-born painter Essay A Swiss-born painter and graphic artist whose personal, often gently humorous works are replete with allusions to dreams, music, and poetry, Paul Klee, b. Dec. 18, 1879, d. June 29, 1940, is difficult to classify. Primitive art, surrealism, cubism, and childrens art all seem blended into his small-scale, delicate paintings, watercolors, and drawings. His family was very interested in the arts. The jobs that Pauls parents had were strange for 1879. His mom helped support the family by giving piano lessons. His father did the housework. He cooked, cleaned, and painted. Pauls grandma taught him how to paint. After much hesitation he chose to study art, not music, and he attended the Munich Academy in 1900. Klee later toured Italy 1901-02, responding enthusiastically to Early Christian and Byzantine art. Klee was a watercolorist, and etcher, who was one of the most original masters of modern art. Belonging to no specific art movement, he created works known for their fantastic dream images, wit, and imagination. These combine satirical, grotesque, and surreal elements and reveal the influence of Francisco de Goya and James Ensor, both of whom Klee admired. Two of his best-known etchings, dating from 1903, are Virgin in a Tree and Two Men Meet, Each Believing the Other to Be of Higher Rank. The paintings of Klee are difficult to classify. His earliest works were pencil landscape studies that showed the influence of impressionism. Until 1912 he also produced many black-and-white etchings; the overtones of fantasy and satire in these works showed the influence of 20th-century expressionism as well as of such master printmakers as Francisco Goya and William Blake. Klee often incorporated letters and numerals into his paintings, but he also produced series of works that explore mosaic and other effects. Klees career was a search for the symbols and metaphors that would make this belief visible. More than any other painter outside the Surrealist movement with which his work had many affinities its interest in dreams, in primitive art, in myth, and cultural incongruity, he refused to draw hard distinctions between art and writing. Indeed, many of his paintings are a form of writing: they pullulate with signs, arrows, floating letters, misplaced directions, commas, and clefs; their code for any object, from the veins of a leaf to the grid pattern of Tunisian irrigation ditches, makes no attempt at sensuous description, but instead declares itself to be a purely mental image, a hieroglyph existing in emblematic space. So most of the time Klee could get away with a shorthand organization that skimped the spatial grandeur of high French modernism while retaining its unforced delicacy of mood. Klees work did not offer the intense feelings of Picassos, or the formal mastery of Matisses. The spidery, exact line, crawling and scratching around the edges of his fantasy, works in a small compass of post-Cubist overlaps, transparencies, and figure- field play-offs. In fact, most of Klees ideas about pictorial space came out of Robert Dulaunays work, especially the Windows. The paper, hospitable to every felicitous accident of blot and puddle in the watercolor washes, contains the images gently. As the art historian Robert Rosenblum has said, Klees particular genius to be able to take any number of the principal Romantic motifs and ambitions that, by the early twentieth century, had often swollen into grotesquely Wagnerian dimensions, and translate them into a language appropriate to the diminutive scale of a childs enchanted world. After his marriage in 1906 to the pianist Lili Stumpf, Klee settled in Munich, then an important center for avant-garde art. His wife, Lily, gave music lessons, while Paul babysat their only son, he was a good babysitter. .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a , .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .postImageUrl , .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a , .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:hover , .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:visited , .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:active { border:0!important; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:active , .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u934c9fc84154f7692a1a3c2e33dc9e3a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The National Gallery of Art in Washington D. C. EssayKlee painted in a unique and personal style; no one else painted like he did. He used pastels, tempera, watercolor, and a combination of oil and watercolor, as well as different backgrounds. Besides using the canvas that he usually painted on he used paper, jute, cotton, and wrapping paper. A turning point in Klees career was his visit to Tunisia with Macke and Louis Molliet in 1914. He was so overwhelmed by the intense light there that he wrote: Color has taken possession of me; no longer do I have to chase after it, I know that it has hold of me forever. That is the significance of this blessed moment. Color and I are one. I am a painter. He now built up compositions of colored squares that have the radiance of the mosaics he saw on his Italian sojourn. The watercolor Red and White Domes 1914; Collection of Clifford Odets, New York City is distinctive of this period. His paintings and watercolors for the next 20 years showed a mastery of delicate, dreamlike color harmonies, which he usually used to create flat, semiabstract compositions or even effects resembling mosaic, as in Pastoral. Klee was also a master draftsman, and many of his works are elaborated line drawings with subject matter that grew out of fantasy or dream imagery; he described his technique in these drawings as taking a line for a walk. After 1935, afflicted by a progressive skin and muscular disease, Klee adopted a broad, flat style characterized by thick, crayon like lines and large areas of subdued color. His subject matter during this period grew increasingly brooding and gloomy, as in the nightmarish Death and Fire. Klee died in Muralto, Switzerland, on June 29, 1940. His work influenced all later 20th-century surrealist and nonobjective artists and was a prime source for the budding abstract expressionist movement. If Klee was not one of the great form givers, he was still ambitious. Like a miniaturist, he wanted to render nature permeable, in the most exact way, to the language of style and this meant not only close but ecstatic observation of the natural world, embracing the Romantic extremes of the near and the far, the close-up detail and the cosmic landscape. At one end, the moon and mountains, the stand of jagged dark pines, the flat mirroring seas laid in a mosaic of washes; at the other, a swarm of little graphic inventions, crystalline or squirming, that could only have been made in the age of high-resolution microscopy and the close-up photograph. There was a clear link between some of Klees plant motifs and the images of plankton, diatoms, seeds, and microorganisms that German scientific photographers were making at the same time. In such paintings, Klee tried to give back to art a symbol that must have seemed lost forever in the nightmarish violence of World War I and the social unrest that followed. This was the Paradise-Garden, one of the central images of religious romanticism the metaphor of Creation itself, with all species growing peaceably together under the eye of natural or divine order. Pail Klees Dancing Girl is a painting that he did in 1940 that stood out from all the rest on our visit to the Art Institute. Dancing Girl is a painting made up of simple short bold line strokes and a couple of circles to high light her head and hands. Done in 1940 Klee used a far-fetched medium for this piece. Dancing girl was composed on oil on linen and then glued on to a panel. As strange as it must seem it still has a strong appeal to it. Dancing Girl follows the pattern of man of Klees past work. His work at times seems hard to explain but understanding to the mind. There are certain suttle objects in the painting that make it obvious that this is a girl dancing. One is the distinguishing fact that this is a young woman. This is shown by the 3 main lines that make up her body. .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e , .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .postImageUrl , .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e , .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:hover , .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:visited , .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:active { border:0!important; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:active , .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u978a5e852b7564865d4addef661a037e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Navajo Sand Paintings EssayHalfway down the middle line there is a curve that forms the shape of a triangle as well as her other leg. Under the triangle on the background is a shade of red that gives the triangle and you the visual effect of her wearing a dress. The painting itself is simple yet dramatic as most of Paul Klees works were. The Background was a tealish green color with highlights of yellow around the circles to distinguish her hands and feet. What makes the main object stand out at the viewer more is the white highlight around the girl. This effect draws your eye to the center of the piece and then lets you wonder around the rest of the painting. It appears as if he Paul Klee used watercolors and inks for this and implemented small pictures and childlike symbols to give it appeal. Klee valued the primitive look especially art of children. I believe that he envied their freedom and respected their innocence. . As the art historian Robert Rosenblum has said, Klees particular genius to be able to take any number of the principal Romantic motifs and ambitions that, by the early twentieth century, had often swollen into grotesquely Wagnerian dimensions, and translate them into a language appropriate to the diminutive scale of a childs enchanted world. Formerly we used to represent things visible on earth, he wrote in 1920, things we either liked to look at or would have liked to see. Today we reveal the reality that is behind visible things, thus expressing the belief that the visible world is merely an isolated case in relation to the universe and that there are many more other, latent realities

Mayor Of Casterbridge Essays - British Films,

Mayor Of Casterbridge In Thomas Hardy's The Mayor Of Casterbridge, Michael Henchard represents an incarnation of the Classical ?tragic hero.' In Greek literature, a tragic hero is a well-known and respected individual whose tragedy usually involves some kind of fall from glory. His downfall has been precipitated by his own flaw of character or judgment, some mistake or series of mistakes that has serious consequences. A key element is that the hero's experiences don't simply end with the mistake or catastrophe; true tragic heroes must come to discover or recognize what has happened to them and ultimately pay their ramifications. Surely such a description fits the hubristic Michael Henchard and maps out the tale of events set forth in The Mayor Of Casterbridge. The definition of a tragic hero includes his fall from glory, which in early 20th century literature would be social-class related. Henchard's rapid decline from Mayor to pauper qualifies as such a fall. It is even more of a tragedy since there was so much embarrassment and scandal surrounding his deterioration from a pillar of the town of Casterbridge. "Everybody else, from the Mayor to the washerwoman, shone in new vesture according to means; but Henchard had doggedly retained the fretted and weather-beaten garments of bygone years." (Page 261) His ragged appearance at a royal procession shows just how deep he had fallen into depression and oblivion. Though modern usage of the word ?hero' indicates a nobler persona, at its roots a hero is simply the main character of any story, and not necessarily a knight in shining armor. A tragic hero's sad story comes from his own flaws, and Michael Henchard was certainly not lacking in faults and poor judgments. Often he displays impulsiveness, which always results in bringing him closer to his demise. As with selling his wife, deciding to hide his past grievances, and buying over-priced grain, Henchard's lack of self-control worsens each situation. He is also a very proud man, which turns into simple stubbornness. On page 259 he indignantly proclaims: "'I'll welcome his royal highness, or nobody shall!'" showing his childish need for control and superiority. His poor judgment in dealing with his feud with Donald Farfrae shows what a weak character he really is. All of Henchard's offensive qualities gradually alienate all those around him. The final characteristic of a tragic hero's saga is his realization of his mistake as well as the endurance of the consequences. In Henchard's case, the original mistake was the sale of his wife Susan two decades prior. His affliction begins almost immediately as his mistake is realized; he vows to abstain from alcohol for twenty-one years ("'...being a year for every year that I have lived.'" Page 25) But, as the reader begins to realize, Henchard has only gone through the motions of repentance, and as soon as he is faced with adversity, his rougher qualities still surface. "...it was still a part of his [Henchard's] nature to extenuate nothing, and live on as one of his own worst accusers."(Page 322) So since his self-inflicted punishment is only half-hearted, Hardy has Fate or Consequence step in to sufficiently burden him with hardships until his death. The theme and spirit of tragedy found a new vehicle in the novel in the 19th century, its form being originally used only in plays. Thomas Hardy has been quoted as comparing the rural setting of this and other of his novels to the stark and simple setting of the Greek theater, giving his novels something of that drama's intensity and sharpness of focus. This grimly pessimistic view of man's nature qualifies Michael Henchard as a Classical Tragic Hero; his own inner faults ultimately bring him down from his high post. Darkness and doubt blanket the tale with Michael Henchard's forever unresolved and unpredictable capacities for good, and for evil.

Making a standard solution Essay Example

Making a standard solution Essay Example Making a standard solution Paper Making a standard solution Paper To find the molarity of the unknown acid, first we had to create a standard solution, the solution we created was Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). We wanted a 0. 1 molar solution of sodium hydroxide so to get this we had to dissolve 4g of NaOH into 1000cm? of water, but we didn’t want 1000cm? we wanted 250cm? so to work out how much sodium hydroxide would be needed you need to do the same equation to the number of grams (g) than with the volume of water, so to get 1000cm? down to 250cm? You divide it by 4, so you divide 4 by 4 which gives you 1, so one gram of NaOH is needed to make a 0. 1 molar solution in 250cm? of water. Next is making the solution, the equipment needed to make this standard solution is: a balance, beaker, volumetric flask, glass rod, wash bottle. And the ingredients for the solution are NaOH and distilled water. To make NaOH solution is to measure out 1g of sodium hydroxide and place on a scrap piece of paper which is on the balance, it isn’t essential that you get exactly 1g just approximately 1g. Then put some distilled water into a beaker enough to dissolve the sodium hydroxide, transfer the sodium hydroxide from the paper to the beaker and dissolve by swirling and stirring. Once dissolved transfer this solution to a volumetric flask, and wash out the beaker and glass rod which was used to stir the solid NaOH into the water, now add distilled water to the volumetric flask, up until the bottom of the meniscus is on the 250cm?line and shake and mix it up a little, then you have made your solution. In my solution it wasn’t 1g, I weighed 0. 99g. The next stage is to calculate the molarity of your solution. To work out the moles it is moles= grams ? relative molecular mass (RMM) so for my solution it will be 0. 99? 40 (40 is the RMM of sodium hydroxide, this is calculated by adding the mass of each atom in the compound together, so for NaOH it is Na=23 O=16 and H=1. 23+16+1=40 this is where the 40 comes from.) 0. 99 ? 40= 0. 02475 rounded to 4 decimal places is 0. 0248 that is the molarity of the 250cm? but molarity is always measured in 1000cm? so now you have to times 0. 0248 by 4, 0. 0248 x 4= 0. 992, and that is the final molarity of your solution so my molarity is 0. 992M. Now is to titrate you solution with the unknown acid, to do this you need: a clamp, a beaker for acid, a beaker for your standard solution and another beaker for waste, a conical flask, 50ml burette, 25ml pipette. Once all the equipment has been set up you now need to add your unknown solution into the burette and leave the tap open and put the waste beaker under it to make sure there is no air bubbles in the burette, turn the tap off and fill the burette up, now take the pipette filler and fill up your pipette with your standard solution and put that in the conical flask, add a colour indicator to the conical flask and put the conical flask under the burette open the tap, and you are looking for the first colour change that lasts for approximately 10 seconds, repeat the titration until you have 3 results within . 1 of each other. In my titrations I did 4, the first result was 22. 6ml used, the second was 23. 1ml, third was 22. 7ml and the final one was 22. 8ml. Now the calculation for the molarity of the acid can be solved. The first step in working out the concentration of the unknown acid is balancing the equation. The equation for our experiment is: NaOH + HCl i NaCl + H2O and this equation is already balanced because there is 1 atom of Na on each side, 1 atom of O on each side, 2 atoms of H on either side and 1 atom of Cl on each side. So this reaction is a 1:1 reaction. The reasons this is a 1:1 reaction can be found in the periodic table, the RMM of each side of the equation has to be the same and to work this out you need the atomic mass, Na=23, O=16, H=1 (x2) and Cl=35. The atomic mass is the larger of the two numbers on the periodic table found with an element. The total of these atomic masses is 76. And it is exactly the same on the other side it is just that the compounds are different, this is due to the groups on the periodic table that they are in and that determines the bonds between atoms. The equation to work out the concentration of the unknown acid is: moles x 1000 ? average titration. The average titration is all the titration results added together and divided by 4, but we are going to discard the 23. 1ml result because it isn’t close enough to the other three so is recognised as an anomaly, so (22. 6 + 22. 7 +22. 8)? 3 = 22. 7cm? so now using the equation you can work out the concentration of the acid. (0. 0248 x 1000)? 22. 7 = 0. 1093, the actual concentration of the acid was 0. 0984. My predicted concentration is 0. 0109 above the actual concentration this could be due to inaccuracies with the measuring of the mass of NaOH to begin with also wrongly measuring the amount of my standard solution was used to titrate the acid.

An Ultimate Guide to Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Outline

An Ultimate Guide to Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Outline Writing an outline for your cause and effect essay will help you understand better what you are going to write about. Read the article to learn more. Cause and effect essays are popular ways of helping students understand the relationship between various events. They’re extremely popular in history classes, although students are certainly going to encounter them in English and writing classes as well. English and writing classes are often geared towards helping students be better at critical thinking in general, and cause and effect essays can serve as excellent critical thinking exercises in general. HOW TO WRITE A  CAUSE  AND EFFECT ESSAY When writing a cause and effect essay which generally requires the writer to illustrate a scenario in which one or more actions or events ultimately cause or caused certain effects to occur, the student should create and follow an outline. To illustrate an essay of this sort, below is an outline for a cause and effect essay for a fairly simple topic that pertains to a general writing composition course – Success: Causes of Success:  Diligence; talent or intelligence; high level of education; networking and making good, intelligent choices in life. Effects of Success:  Wealth and a potential increase in one’s quality of life; happiness and fulfillment. The writer can focus on just one cause and one effect, or a combination of the two. The writer can focus on just one cause and one effect, or a combination of the two. Every cause and effect essay should consist of no less than five paragraphs: Introduction paragraph At least three body paragraphs Conclusion paragraph TOP 50 CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY TOPICS Outline: Cause and Effect Essay on the Topic Success INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH The first paragraph of the essay introducing the subject and informing the reader what the paper is essentially about (5-7 sentences): Topic Sentence – the purpose of the topic sentence is to simply introduce the topic or subject being examined. Thesis Statement – the main idea or purpose of the essay. Your first paragraph may sound like this: Although it is a rather ambiguous term, â€Å"Success† has specific causes and effects. For one, it is caused by one’s persistent diligence on a project or occupation, etc. In turn, success has certain effects, or consequences, as well: one is financial wealth. 3 BODY PARAGRAPHS Illustration of causes and effects. In this section of the essay, the student will show how diligence causes success and illustrate the effects of success on the individual – ultimately explaining at length their Thesis Statement from the first paragraph. To better convey the argument, the student may begin with explaining the topic being examined – perhaps including a definition, a source providing additional perspectives, etc. In this case: What is the success? What does it look like? How is it identified? What does it mean? What are its social, emotion and spiritual implications? Next, once the reader understands the context in which the term is being examined, the student should transition to a paragraph showing how diligence causes success. Perhaps a famous example (like a self-made millionaire) would suffice, or even some other scenario. But the writer should explain how a person could work hard to achieve personal success. This part is for demonstrating and explaining the effects of success – like it leads to financial wealth, or it leads to a better quality of life because a person is fulfilled in their accomplishment and is happy. CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH In this section, the student not only summarizes the essay – its topic’s causes and effects – but can also help the reader better understand the context of a term, an event in history, etc., by providing a few other examples of the term’s causes and effects. If you are looking for cause and effect essay examples here is a great one CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY EXAMPLE: GREAT DEPRESSION Need a cause and effect essay? Place an order  and our writers will help you write a well-structured essay on any topic.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalization - Essay Example Furthermore, the paper also discusses PESTEL Analysis and what benefits does it have in UK economy and their drawbacks. Lastly, it describes the future of globalization. The term ‘Globalization’ is defined as a process of integration which has been derived from the human connectivity and their exchange of ideas, products and different aspects of their culture and trends. In other words globalization is represented as a new term for changes in International relations which was exploited in the end of the twentieth century. Globalization refers to the larger context with respect to the globe rather than in a national context. The advancements and breakthroughs in transportation and telecommunication play an important role in the rise of globalization alongside with the increase use of the internet which has led to the growth in globalization. When economies are interconnected with each other, it has provided an opportunity for globalization to occur (Jones 2010). Globaliza tion has various meanings and it has been the source of argument in the recent decade about its true meaning. Albrow (1990) argues that globalization is far broader concept than interconnection and relations between the different objects. He explained that globalization is referred to all those processes by which different people of the world and different products of the world are incorporated to form a single concept or a society (Gupta 2009). However, many of the terms superseded the previous terms due to change in the nature of the world. Appadurai (1996) suggested that globalization is the process of mixing of the culture with respect to different locations and identities of regions. The author tried to propose that globalization will occur if people from different identities and regions would come together and blend their culture to form one idea is to be known as globalization (Appadurai 1996). Carnoy (2001) defines globalization as the weakening of the state when it cannot c ope up with the environment. This implies that if a country fails to adapt to the new conditions of the world in the global environment, then it blends up with the environment itself for keeping themselves alive in the market (Munck 2005). Many scholars have traced back the history to gather information on the origins of globalization which was found to present before the European age of discovery. When people moved to different regions, they tried to adapt to the certain environment and to the cultures of the particular region. It is where the role of globalization play its part when people share different ideas and merge it to become one single idea (Jones 2010). Aspects of Globalization Globalization has both the social and economical aspects, if understood; it can help nations to achieve greater heights of success and growth. In economical terms, it is the rapprochement of countries and their flow of goods and capital from one place to another due to various inventions that has been made by countries. The first wave occurred in the era of economic boom which made Great Britain to realize its capability and brought the nation into foreground. Many scholars term the modern globalization as the increase in the technological achievements of a country which have made possible for people to migrate and allowed the flow of capital and information to satisfy its needs. Scientific reforms and revolution have created new forms of transportation and the rise of

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Ethics - Assignment Example The management has developed workplace policy that is based on the organizational philosophy, code of conduct, and mission statement. This policy is then incorporated into the organization’s performance management program in order to hold workers accountable for all their actions and warn them to adhere to the set professional standards when interacting with their colleagues and supervisors and when undertaking their duties. The management ensures that all employees sign an acknowledgement form indicating that they have read and understood the company’s ethics policy. This is to ensure that every worker fully understands the set ethical standards that should be adhered within the organization and failure to do this, the management takes appropriate actions upon the involved worker (Appelbaum, Deguire & Lay, 2005). Secondly, the organization evaluates all employees on ethical behavior in order to prevent expansion of unethical behaviors in the workplace which can negatively affect the firm’s production. Personal interviews is one of useful tools that the management uses to assess employees’ attributes such as ability to socialize with others, problem solving skills, communication skills, and characters. The management also evaluates demonstrated work ethics of employees against a checklist. It makes use of an employee performance assessment that has section like â€Å"Attendance, Dependability and Availability,† â€Å"Judgment,† and â€Å"Integrity†. This makes it easier for the management to measure and evaluate various concepts such as employee’s integrity. Work productivity and attendance are highly monitored. Working upon set hours and showing up shows that an employee has ethical behavior and integrity (Peterson, 2002). Employees who comes to work late and leaves early are termed as lacking ethics. Before taking final action, the management first meets with employees with

Success of Native Americans Essay Example for Free

Success of Native Americans Essay The authors of the article aimed to decipher the factors that contribute or hinder the academic success of Native Americans attending American universities at the freshman year level. Specifically, they directed their study on the relationship between the culture of Native Americans to their academic grade point average, or GPA. They theorized that Native Americans who conformed to the beliefs, values and interests of Caucasians had higher GPA’s than Native Americans who hold on to their cultural beliefs, values, interests and traditions. The study was conducted in the fall of 1998 where 48 Native Americans participated in a series of examinations designed to ascertain how well the participants are able to conform to Caucasian American culture. The results of the tests are compared to the high school GPA’s and Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores of the participants. The results of the study showed that there is a direct relationship between how well Native Americans conform to the Caucasian American culture and their high school GPA’s and SAT scores. It revealed that Native Americans who have strong ties to their own cultures have lower high school GPA’s and SAT scores compared to those who have assimilated the beliefs, values and interests of Caucasians. Although the study conducted by the authors only had a small sample of participants, their findings were supported by studies done by other authors. One study had linked to conflicts brought about by the differences in the traditions, beliefs, values and interests between Native Americans and Caucasians have caused many Native Americans to drop out from universities, widening the gap in academic success between the two cultural groups. The authors concluded based on the information obtained from their independent study and studies carried out by other authors that the cultural background of a student plays a significant role in achieving success in their academic life. Based on this conclusion, the authors recommended that in order for Native American to succeed academically, steps must be taken to help them understand the Caucasian American culture and its importance in their academic life, specifically in university studies. The authors also stated that since the conclusion and recommendation made are based on their independent studies and related review materials, they encourage further research be done to fully comprehend the academic achievement gap between these two cultures in order to ensure that the proper measures are done to close this gap. This article was to my liking since most academic achievement gaps studies between Caucasians and minority groups concentrated on African American, Hispanic and Asian cultures. As what was mentioned in the article, more research must be done to evaluate and address the academic achievement gap between Native Americans and Caucasians. Although the findings of the study is disturbing, it had also made me aware that biases towards the Caucasian culture in the academic world may be the cause for the growing academic achievement gap between Caucasians and other culture groups. Today, our universities are seeing an increase in the diversity of students enrolling, partly in line with universities encouraging diversity in their student population. However, it is apparent that the only way to succeed in an American university, a student from another cultural group must assimilate the â€Å"American† culture. This revelation based on this study contradicts universities’ claim that they encourage diversity in their student population.

On the Origin of Adaptations: Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and Success -- Biologically :: Article Review, Bortolotti, Hutcheon

The article, "On the Origin of Adaptations: Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and 'Success' -- Biologically," written by Gary R. Bortolotti and Linda Hutcheon criticizes the habit of using fidelity as the defining characteristic in deciding if an adaptation is a success or a failure. Bortolotti and Hutcheon posit a new system of evaluation by borrowing from the discipline of evolutionary biology. Namely, the success of an adaptation is to be judged by it's efficiency in perpetuating narrative. In evolutionary terms adaptations are predicated on survival of the fittest -the strongest narratives are the ones that adapt to their environments and replicate: by changing for different mediums, time periods, and societies they better insure the chances that the narrative will survive. The article begins with the claim from the movie Adaptation that, "adaptation is a profound process, which means you try and figure out how to thrive in the world" (443). While the authors acknowledge that the context of the film might give the impression of this being an ironic statement, in truth the opposite is true: adaptation really is pivotal to the continued survival of a narrative. The manifest problem with adaptation theory, according to Bortolotti and Hutcheon is the tendency of critics to judge adaptations as good or bad based upon the level of fidelity they maintain with the source text. Altering a source text is not a bad thing -- it is necessary. Bortolotti and Hutcheon both describe transformation of source texts as, "a common and persistent way that humans have always told and retold stories" (444). Critic Thomas Leitch agrees with this judgment and states, "every text offers itself as an invitation to be re-written" (16). But if re-writing a source text is a necessary and beneficial thing then what system of judgment should be used to replace the fidelity criterion? Bortolotti and Hutcheon suggest embracing the scientific framework of post-Darwin biology to judge adaptations. Biologically changing or mutating is necessary for a the survival of a species: creatures who cannot adapt to new environments or circumstances will die out. As stated in the article both stories and organisms share the common need to, "replicate and change" (446). The question arises, then, on how much change can be made before a story is no longer an adaptation. When does it become its own story rather than the re-telling of a source text. Critics Hutcheon and Bortolotti claim that adaptations may change many things and still maintain their status as an adaptation as long the core narrative remains in tact.

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis done on Harley Davidson Essay

Harley Davidson remains as a dominant force in the heavy weight motorcycle industry; upholding 50% share in the heavy weight motorcycles. This year they celebrate their 110th Anniversary proudly as the only major motorcycle manufacturer to completely focus on motorcycles. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) Other major players in the Motorcycle Industry are, Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki that also have their other major product lines inclusive of cars, watercraft, musical equipment and etc. Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses of Current and Potential Competitors Porters Five Forces Analysis Source: Vector (2012) Internal Rivalry The heavyweight motorcycle market is justly concentrated with four major companies manufacturing these vehicles. Harley Davidson being one of the most experienced within the industry, Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha are the competitors that are all from Japan. Over the past few years many market for heavyweight motorcycles has increased annually, but experts are predicting even though the market is growing it will slow down in the years to come. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) The Competitive challenge is high in motorcycle industry. Most of the time motorbikes are counted as a luxury product and pricing the products can be complex. (Oxbridge Writers, 2012) Harley Davidson offers spare parts, extended warranties, and innovative and environmental friendly motorbikes for their customers, this singularizes them from their competitors. Japan’s companies have marked their success by establishing a strong competitive place in the market using cheap prices as their strategy. This affects customers perception on Harley Davidson’s place in the market and their prices. However, those having a predominant place in this sport do have conflicting interests, i. e. Yamaha and Honda have diversified into musical instrument and other motor vehicles. . (Oxbridge Writers, 2012) This results Harley-Davidson in differentiating themselves as a loyal, specialized Motorbike Company and getting more customers. Harley Davidson has traditionally been the prevailing competitor in this market with taking over 50% of the market share. With time it has fallen to below 50 % due to other companies expanding their heavyweight motorcycle production and growing in the market, focusing on American Consumers. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) This is because other products from competitors are becoming less distinguished and is similar to Harley Davidson Products. Recalling, back to the past it was easier to acknowledge Harley Davidson motorbikes for their unique style, but currently Japanese Manufacturers are merging popular designs to their products. As a result motorbikes from manufacturers are becoming more similar over time. This forces Harley-Davidson to focus more on their branding to maintain the customers. This can be an advantage to them, since Harley is known internationally for their brand, many people would prefer a Harley over a Honda or Suzuki. But can also be a downfall since Japanese companies has been improving their products with time. Threat of New Entrants This industry has a very high entry barrier, as it requires high capital to enter to the market. Similar to most manufacturing industries there are significant economies involved in building motorbikes. (NCCU, 2012) The manufacturing price of a similar product is extremely high in this industry even for a small scale. This is basically one of the main reasons there are only four major players in the industry. There are some small-scale motorcycle creators whose business s fully focused on reputation and appeal to motorcycle devotees, to build utterly customized bikes. They do not produce enough motorbikes to threaten the major players in the industry. They do not affect the position of Harley Davidson in the market but can be an added advantage since it increases interest of motorbikes in the public. Threat of Substitutes and Complements Heavyweight motorcycles are a luxury item for the majority of consumers, so there are very less similar substitutes for heavyweight motorbikes that could seriously affect the market and consumers. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) The Japanese manufacturers focus their designs more on smaller, quicker motorbikes that is the closest substitute followed by cars and scooters. Heavyweight bikes portray a certain persona, which is a part of the buyer’s influences on choosing a motorbike. Smaller bikes are for different riding styles and purposes. They are designed for a different seating position unlike the heavyweight motorbikes. Passenger cars can be a substitute for heavyweight motorbikes but it is a weak substitute. (NCCU, 2012) Motorbike consumers rarely purchase Harley’s to fulfill transportation wants. Harley Davidson bikes are more of a luxury item than a necessity to travel. Motorbikes maybe easy to travel in heavy traffic and consume less gasoline compared to a car. If a consumer choses a motorbike for the above mentioned reasons, it would be more reasonable to buy a lighter motorbike, which would be easier to handle and fuel efficient than a heavyweight motorcycle. The most profound complement for a heavyweight motorbike is gasoline/petrol. If fuel prices were higher consumers would not consider purchasing a heavyweight bike, because most journeys taken by the bike on such a bike is highly discretionary and will be used for pleasure rather than for transport necessities. Nevertheless, most of the heavyweight bike consumers are willing to pay between $8000 and $30,000 for this luxury vehicle, they would not mind paying just a little extra for fuel. Bargaining Power of Suppliers According to Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway (2006), â€Å"Harley Davidson operates nearly every stage of the production of a motorcycle, taking raw materials such as steel and basic electrical components and shipping completed motorcycles to its extensive independent dealership network. Because there are many suppliers of all inputs that Harley Davidson requires for its manufacturing operations there is very little that any single supplier can do the exact rents from Harley. † This phrase proves that even if one supplier tries to escalate its profits/prices it would not be much of a deal for Harley to switch suppliers without interruption in production. â€Å"Preferred suppliers† approach reduced the number of suppliers Harley Davidson worked with and improved the quality of the suppliers as well; these long-term contracts and relationship protected Harley Davidson from supplier price increase. (NCCU, 2012) This also grew trust between the suppliers and Harley and their suppliers gained more profit as Harley improved their business. Bargaining Power of Consumers Similar to the Suppliers, Harley Davidson’s customers are of large population of individual consumers, making it difficult to badly affect Harley Davidson’s financial situation by refusing to corporate. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway 2006) Even though Harley’s dealerships are individually owned and operated the companies’ customers are officially their licensed dealers. But the sheer number of dealers that Harley has all over the world makes situation for dealers not much better than individual riders. Harley needs their customers to buy the product in order to gain profit; since Harley is aging they also need to gain more new loyal riders. Each Harley Davidson purchase is by an individual; even though one person would not drastically affect the financial earnings of the company it is essential to sell the individual experience to each customer to reach more Markets and combine these sales to improve financial strength. (NCCU, 2012)

Zappos faces Competitive Advantages Essay

Zappos faces Competitive Advantages Chapter 1 6/9/13 Zappos is an online retailer that has found its business on 10 core values that help successfully run their business. The company is known for their culture. They feel that culture evaluate how the employees will perform their job functions. The questions below will define what challenges they will face when competitive challenges intervene. 1. Zappos seems to be well-positioned to have a competitive advantage over other online retailers. What challenges discussed in Chapter 1 pose the biggest threat to Zappo’s ability to maintain and enhance its competitive position? How can human resource management practices help Zappos meet these challenges? Although Zappos is well-positioned to have a competitive advantage over other online retailers one of the biggest threats in my opinion that they will face is globalization. I say this because from the reading; Zappos use competitive pricing. However, in international markets products have a cheaper price and their shipping rates vary. Therefore, Zappos wouldn’t be able to offer their free shipping if they were to relocate into international markets. Another challenge they are likely to have pose on their business if they enter into international markets is sustainability. Sustainability basically goes hand in hand with globalization because they would have to be able to adapt to the change when entering into these markets. For example, the economy is changing everyday throughout the United States and internationally with how businesses run. With the pricing in these markets going international is going to also affect how their business will successfully run. Human resource practices can help meet these challenges by helping recruit the right employees to still promote the vision that Zappos currently hold. They can do this by interviewing through assessment testing to make sure they have the skills and requirements for the position of which they apply. Also, these practices if performed correctly can help them in  evaluating the environment in which they choose to locate internally as well as externally so that their business practices are performed. 2. Do you think that employees of Zappos have high levels of engagement? Why? I believe that Zappos demonstrates a well engaged employee relationship within the company. I say this because any company that takes the time to have outside lunches with the staff in order to hear the different ideas that they have come up with, believes in a satisfied worker and work environment. Many companies in today’s society only listen when a complaint is made over their 1800 hotline. Zappos actually take the time out and listen to every complaint of their employees individually. 3. Which of Zappos’ 10 core values do you believe that human resource practices can influence the most? The least? Why? For each of the core values, identify the HR practices that are related to it. Explain how each of the HR practice(s) you identified is related to the core values. I believe that human resource practices could influence the most is Zappos customer service. Customer service is needed throughou Core Values: 1. Deliver Wow through service— Sustainability 2. Embrace and drive change— 3. Create fun and a little weirdness—Sustainability 4. Be adventurous, creative, and open minded—Sustainability 5. Pursue growth and learning—- 6. Build open and honest relationships with communication—Sustainability 7. Build a positive team and family spirit—Technology 8. Do more with less—Sustainability 9. Be passionate and determined—Sustainability 10. Be humble—Sustainability

Auguste Comte and His Role in the History of Sociology

Auguste Comte and His Role in the History of Sociology Auguste Comte was born on January 20, 1798  (according to the Revolutionary calendar then used in France), in Montpellier, France. He was a philosopher who is also considered to be the father of sociology, the study of the  development and function of human society, and of positivism, a means of using scientific evidence to discern causes for human behavior. Early Life and Education Auguste Comte was born in Montpellier, France. After attending the Lycà ©e Joffre and then the University of Montpellier, he  was admitted to the École Polytechnique in Paris. The École closed in 1816, at which time Comte took up permanent residence in Paris, earning a precarious living there by teaching mathematics and journalism. He read widely in philosophy and history and was especially interested in those thinkers who were beginning to discern and trace some order in the history of human society. System of Positive Philosophy Comte lived during one of the most turbulent periods in European history. As a philosopher, therefore, his aim was not only to understand human society but to prescribed a system by which we could make order out of the chaos, and thus change society for the better. He eventually developed what he called a system of positive philosophy, in which logic and mathematics, combined with sensory experience, could better assist in understanding human relationships and action, in the same way that the scientific method  had allowed an understanding of the natural world. In 1826, Comte began a series of lectures on his system of positive philosophy for a private audience, but he soon suffered a serious nervous breakdown. He was hospitalized and later recovered with the help of his wife, Caroline Massin, whom he married in 1824. He resumed teaching the course in January 1829, marking the beginning of the second period in Comtes life that lasted 13 years. During this time he published the six volumes of his Course on Positive Philosophy  between 1830 and 1842. From 1832 to 1842, Comte was a tutor and then an examiner at the revived École Polytechnique. After quarreling with the directors of the school, he lost his post. During the remainder of his life, he was supported by English admirers and French disciples. Additional Contributions to Sociology Though Comte did not originate the concept of sociology or its area of study, he is credited with coining the term and he greatly extended and elaborated the field. Comte divided sociology into two main fields, or branches: social statics, or the study of the forces that hold society together; and social dynamics, or the study of the causes of ​social change.   By using certain tenets of physics, chemistry, and biology, Comte extrapolated what he considered to be a few irrefutable facts about society, namely that since the growth of the human mind progresses in stages, so too must societies. He claimed the history of society could be divided into three different stages: theological, metaphysical, and positive, otherwise known as the Law of Three Stages. The theological stage reveals humankinds superstitious nature, one that ascribes supernatural causes to the workings of the world. The metaphysical stage is an interim stage in which humanity begins to shed its superstitious nature. The final and most evolved stage is reached when human beings finally realize that natural phenomena and world events can be explained through reason and science. Secular Religion Comte separated from his wife in 1842, and in 1845 he began a relationship with Clotilde de Vaux, whom he idolized. She served as the inspiration for his Religion of Humanity, a secular creed intended for the veneration not of God but of humankind, or what Comte called the New Supreme Being.  According to Tony Davies, who has written extensively on the history of humanism, Comtes new religion was a  complete system of belief and ritual, with liturgy and sacraments, priesthood and pontiff, all organized around the public veneration of Humanity. De Vaux died only a year into their affair, and after her death, Comte devoted himself to writing another major work, the four-volume System of Positive Polity, in which he completed his formulation of sociology. Major Publications The Course on Positive Philosophy (1830-1842)Discourse on the Positive Spirit (1844)A General View of Positivism (1848)Religion of Humanity (1856) Death Auguste Comte died in Paris on September 5, 1857, from stomach cancer. He is buried in the famous Pere Lachaise Cemetery, next to his mother and Clotilde de Vaux.

The Eight Spellings of Long O

The Eight Spellings of Long O The Eight Spellings of Long O The Eight Spellings of Long O By Maeve Maddox English is blessed with many homophones: one of two or more words pronounced alike but different in meaning or derivation or spelling (as all and awl; to, too, and two; rite, write, right, and wright) called also homonym (Merriam Webster Unabridged Dictionary) The sound of long o is especially rich in alternate spellings. Such spellings are best learned when we are children, before weve been around long enough to regard such facts of life as something to be complained about. Here are the eight spellings of long o. (not counting exceptions, of course.) o o says /Ã… / at the end of a syllable: so, go, open o+e Silent final e makes the o say /Ã… /: stone, throne, shone (Am.) ow The spelling ow can represent two sounds: /ow/ as in cow and /Ã… / as in show, slow, grow. ou The spelling ou can represent four sounds: /ow/ as in round, /Ã… / as in four, /oo/ as in you, and /Ã… ­/as in country. Note that the second sound of ou is long o. oo The spelling oo can represent three sounds: /oo/ as in boot, /à »/as in foot, and /Ã… / as in floor. oa This is the o of boat. oe This is o of toe ough Ah, yes. This is the most ridiculed of all English spellings, good old ough. This spelling can represent six different vowel (or semi-vowel) sounds. The good news is that once youve learned the following six words, youre home free: /Ã… / as in though /oo/ as in through /uf/ as in rough /awf/ as in cough /aw/ as in thought /ow/ as in bough Note that /Ã… / is the first sound of ough: though TIP: English spelling is not for sissies. It can, however, be mastered by people who use words for a living. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientOne Fell SwoopMood vs. Tense

Social Studies Curriculum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Studies Curriculum - Research Paper Example h the responsibility of ensuring that the curriculum emphasizes on the importance of having students who are committed to the ideas and values of democracy (Ross, 2006). Due to this, a learner should have a clear understanding of citizenship, an understanding of historical development and contemporary forms of power authority and governance. Learners are supposed to be familiar with the purposes and functions of the government; they are supposed to have clarity on the differences between democratic and non-democratic political systems. Therefore the curriculum developers should include topics that captivate the learner’s interest in public affairs and thus strengthen competencies of self governance through citizen participation experiences (Ross, 2006). This curriculum should encourage learners to be more interested in public affairs and also civic affairs hence making them to be more active members of the society rather than being passive. A student should be faced with the c hallenge of learning perspectives about local, national and international issues regarding politics (Ross, 2006). Therefore the curriculum developers are supposed to come up with a curriculum that will assess the learner too become a responsible citizen with the knowledge of the government, law and politics in order to make decisions about the relevant actions on politics (Ross,

Methods used to Analyze the Marketability of a Firm Essay

Methods used to Analyze the Marketability of a Firm - Essay Example Interviews, by mail and on-site, were conducted to determine the demographics and characteristics of the typical angler. Discovering the motives of paying anglers proved to be beneficial in the analysis (relationship). This analysis will assess needed requirements and how well they are suited to the company's capabilities. Organizations can use this data to choose ideas and products which match their technical support, leading to competitive advantages. This analysis will also help to determine whether in-house or external technical support is the most feasible. A number of methods can be used when conducting a technical analysis. Checklists, scoring tools, environmental scanning, and decision-making models (as used by the West Virginia Department of Forestry) are some of the most widely used methodologies. A company should not, however, make the technical analysis its main focus. The analysis may show the firm's marketability in a glowing light, but this opinion may not be equally shared by its customers. A case in point is RCA's introduction of their quadraphonic 8-track system in 1970. This product issued booming marketability for RCA; however, predictions for future technology were not illustrated on their then-technical analysis. Collection of market data on products and ideas are essential to determine marketability. ... This product issued booming marketability for RCA; however, predictions for future technology were not illustrated on their then-technical analysis. MARKETING ANALYSIS Collection of market data on products and ideas are essential to determine marketability. If a company isn't competent in marketing skills, it will not succeed. An example is the largely-populated country of China. They can offer numerous opportunities; however, it has been quite challenging for the Chinese to market their products in their own country. Marketing challenges must definitely be addressed. Each concept requires different marketing data and strategies. Very much like the technical analysis, checklists, scoring tools, and environmental scanning are effective tools. A decision-making resource, such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also beneficial. Always keep in mind that a firm is never marketable without customers who are seeking your products or ideas. It's also crucial to analyze your target customer base and the demand and supply of your products. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS The primary goals of an organization are to produce a profit, increase sales and customers, and to show a return on their investment. To be marketable, a firm should set financial guidelines. To get an accurate financial analysis, much financial data is needed. Budget goals must be set and met. Benchmarks must also be laid down to agree with financial returns put in place. The most widely used financial analysis methodology is the Net Present Value method (NPV). This method associates the monetary benefits and expenditures against the products. The product's NPV is then weighed against the interest rates and the

Counselling A reflective account designed a group warm up activity Assignment

Counselling A reflective account designed a group warm up activity balloon person - Assignment Example In this way psychologists can help them overcome their issues and guide in goal setting. The purpose of psychologist is not to think for the person, but first to make the person stable in personality and then make him decide for himself. What is group counseling? Group counseling is a form of psychotherapy in which more than two clients are dealt together by a counselor. Group counseling is effective and useful specially in treating people with same issues or problems. In such way clients in group are able to learn from other experiences and exchange ideas and advices. The other advantage of group therapy is that it is more cost effective and saves time of counselor and money of clients. (About.com, 2011) Group counseling is actually a way of counseling people with different therapies. In group counseling many other therapies are used. Such as psychodynamics, CBT and client centered therapy etc. Benefits of Group Counseling: It is useful in many psychological illnesses like OCD, depr ession, anxiety, substance abuse, panic attacks and personality disorders. In group therapy people usually feel easier in expressing their symptoms when other is expressing the same. Approaches to Group counseling: Group therapies fulfill and nourish variety of client’s need. In 1995 the Psychiatrist Irvin Yalom wrote the therapeutic qualities in group counseling. Those approaches are: 1. Instillation of hope: in group therapy the rate of hope in people becomes higher because when they interact and discuss issues together, they become positive that they aren’t only one suffering. And with this hope treatment of clients become effective. 2. Universality: usually when a person is going through it alone he feels like he is the only one suffering and that makes him feel even more terrible. But in group therapy when people with same issues gather and share their issues the feeling on individual suffering goes away and client learns that others are also having same issues an d they are not alone. 3. Communication of information: when a client comes to know that he isn’t the only one suffering he gets better understanding towards his own problem and then recover better in group. 4. Altruism: in group therapy people become altruist and part of a group and their recovery will be mutual. 5. Interpersonal learning: in group therapy a client learns from other people's issues and that he is not only one suffering but pain and suffering of the other persons can be more acute. (NFATTC , 2004) Common Therapies in Group Counseling: Psychologists use many theoretical approaches in group counseling. Three main of them are as following: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – it focuses on the thought processes (cognition) and behavior of the person that leads to problem. And it aims to change the way those patterns of thought and behavior are creating problem for person. (NACBT, 2010) Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) – it focuses on other peoplesâ€℠¢ roles in personal life of the person and how such relation leads to a problem. People with whom one interacts in life can affect ones feelings and thoughts. And if the influence of people is not good then such interactions can lead to various psychological issues. (about.com, 2008) Psychodynamic Therapy (PDT) –Psychodynamic therapy is analytic nature of therapy; based on the concepts of Freud. In this therapy therapist keep his own personality and personal views away from client and acts as a black canvas over which client can transfer all his thoughts and deep

Implementing Effective Line Management

Implementing Effective Line Management The relevance of the Human Resource Management (HRM) has been exceptionally important and pivotal in maintaining a smooth working atmosphere of an institution. In large organisation with thousands of employees, there are hierarchy of power and work distribution. As the number of employees increase, the importance of managing them efficiently and maintaining their morale becomes more crucial to maximise the productivity. All organisations have their own work culture, rules and regulations, formal and informal approaches in dealings with situations. The Human Resource (HR) policies define the flexibility of the functioning of its personnel in each of these issues. The scope and success of these depends largely on the line manager, as he acts as an intermediary point between the HRM and the normal employees. For Mintzberg and Quinn (1998), a managers general work involves performing regular duties like ritual and ceremony, negotiations, and the processing of soft information (Mintzberg and Quinn, 1998). In the current working scenario, the role of the line manager is much more than just oversee and delegate staffs; they have to take provocative measure on coaching, team building and achieving targets both social and financial. According to Fred Luthans and his associates (1988) there is a great difference between an effective manager and successful manager. They had researched on 450 managers around the world. The managers who had a good network were considered as more effective in Australia whereas in US the managers who seek information from colleagues and employees- even if its negative and who explains their decisions are considered the most effective (F. Luthans, R. M. Hodgetts and S. A. Rosenkrantz, 1988). Formerly we will try to indentify the work pattern in the emirates organisation and the employees working atmosphere. Then we will try to analyse the pattern to find the areas of improvement, the organisation might be able to adopt. Finally we will try to analyse the effectiveness and changes that might happen by implementing the proposal. Formulation of HR Strategy How do we implement effective line management in organisation? Effective people management Who is a line manager (LM)? What is the relevance of such a position in an organisation? LM are not normally given this title in any of the organisations that employ them. In fact, depending on the business sector, they can be known by a variety of different titles. According to Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) the more common descriptions for line managers are team leader, team manager or supervisor (Business Link, 2010). In general we can say that the role of a LM is a more of a mediator in between the management and employees and helps in maintaining a proper work flow in organisations. Managing the work force of an organisation is the core essence of the smooth running of the business. As the organisation grows in strength of the employees the need for hierarchy and power distribution is vital. Supervisory training and development continues to be a major concern in organisations of all types and sizes. The changes of all kinds necessitate continuous updating of knowledge and skills, as well as changes in attitude (Donald L. Kirkpatrick, 2001). In order to assess the standards and performance of the employees the line manager plays a major role. The HR department conveys the strategic plans to the line manager to get implemented. Emirates group with an employee strength of more than 40,000 and mainly being in the field of aviation and related services have to be diversified into different departments. Each department have been further sub-divided into Managers and normal employees. The managers consist of line managers who are personally responsible for the employees under him/her. Employing more than 100 nationalities they have a huge diversity in work force like the gender, skills, and of more personal traits. Trends of devolution in recent years As per Tyson and Fell, the role of personnel management has evolved from a clerk of work in 1960, 1970s as contract manager and 1980s more like a business manager in 1980s. In the first two years the authority vested in line managers with the branch manager control through personnel and line managers moving to widespread integration. They also said that personnel managers facilitate enabling other management work to occur, whose principal skills lay in their timing of applying techniques, and their ability to sell their services to client line managers/top executives (Renwick. D, 2000) The integration of HRM activities into the Business and corporate strategy is a key element in the business, the integration being the degree to which HRM issues are considered as part of the formulation of the business strategy and development as, the degree to which HRM practices involve and give responsibility to the line manager rather than personnel specialists (Budhwar. P. S., 1998). With the growing trend it can be suggested that a more likely outcome of giving line managers more personnel responsibilities is that the role of the HR specialist will change from that of watchdog of corporate policy and procedures to one of adviser to service managers (Harris. L. et al., 2002). What HR activities get devaluated? The middle level managers are expected to know and perform in perfect co with liaison with the high level management and lower level employees. This naturally results in expecting them to do more than they might be have normally done. For example for a divisional sale manager who is handing a section in an organisation like the Emirate Group, he will be responsible to maintain the sales targets as set his superior manager and maintain the relation with the international clients. These job can be terms us the regular jobs. Apart from these regular job, they will be expected to do several work related to the workforce under him like the maintenance of workforce planning, like to arrange cover for employee who are ill or on holiday, sort the grievances in the work places like the difference in opinions, update the management or the work progress, responsible for safety of the sub-ordinates and help with recruitment process of the HR division. The work force planning includes jobs like the attendance, roaster preparation, leave management, overtime sheet preparation, and timesheet preparation. The jobs like training the sub ordinates and their exit procedures are mostly handled by the line managers. They will also be partly responsible to get the quality surveys from the employees and remind them to do it during delays. The growing demand on the performance of the managers is to do personal training at the time needed. They will have to individually monitor their subordinates on their performances and grade them on the basis of performance and productivity taking into consideration their customer relations skills, analytical skills and risk assessment skills. In finding a need for professional training, they will try to educate them during the regular work hours or send them to more specific training in the training centre offered by the organisation. In the event of an employee not successfully completing an external training, he will be expected to explain and reassign them to a re-training. The benefits and the increments of the subordinates will be assigned to them on the basis of his recommendations after the evaluations. The welfare and safety of the sub-ordinates are mostly considered as the responsibility of the immediate managers in the organisation. With the increased pressure of maintaining a low expenditure for the organisations at times, the managers are devaluated for the incredible amount of jobs they handle and recently we can say that it has become one of the industry norms to go the extra mile. Job Analysis Why devaluated? The centrally developed personnel procedures are considered to be a key means of ensuring managerial consistency in minimising litigation risk while devolving operational HR responsibilities. This system has been considered as one among the most suitable practice in audit of HR professional activity in the public sector. The LM being enforced to take decisions has to be after give adequate training to them to handle such situations. By giving the proper training and raising their awareness the managers will become more aware of legal and organisational impacts of different actions (Harris. L et al., 2002). This will prevent them from acting unethically and also help in maintain a healthy work culture. The increased pressure for line managers tends to make them devaluate some of their responsibilities to supervisors. This creates a pressure and the notion for them that they are doing more than they are supposes to do. According to Brewster and Larsen (2000) there are five main reasons for the devolution of HRM to the line managers. The elements are to reduce costs; to provide a comprehensive approach to HRM; to make the managers more accountable; to speed up the decision making process; and it is an alternative to outsourcing the HM activities. Budhwar recognises the effectiveness of the decisions by the quick implementation due to its complexities and preparing future manager as some additional features of the devolution of HRM. (Budhwar. P. S., 1998). The priorities and motives of the organisations and the approach towards these have evolved through the past decade. Maintaining a low operation cost has become a key element in the agenda. It has become one of the deciding factors of the efficiency of the organisations. The increasingly sophisticated consumers demand higher quality for both commercial and public sector organisations. The success of the long term success should focus more to operate on product and service quality rather than on cost or price alone (CIPD report, 2006). In a study Cleyman, he found that a high rate of grievances were filled in departments characterised by repetitious work, low skilled employees, work that demanded constant attention, generally unpleasant working conditions (Cleyman. K. L, et al. 1995). Implementing the disciplinary and grievance procedures provides a clearer and transparent framework to deal with difficulties which may arise as part of the working relationship from either the employers or employees perspective. It will act as a corrective measure to lead the employees in alignment with the organisational values and help in taking the corrective measures at the earliest (CIPD, 2010). Problems and issues Balance of work and personal time. The work and non-work time of the managers have been blurred creating a sense of over pressure for their profession. The line managers are expected to draw out the responsibilities and over perform more than their contract. The definite line of work timing has become vague over past couple of years. With the introduction of latest technology, like the Blackberry and laptops, having access to company information they are expected to work beyond the normal working hours. In a huge organisation like the Emirates Group, the company never sleeps and the employees work around the clock for the normal functioning of the airport. This again is an inherent nature of the business. Being equipped by the latest gadgets the managers who might be remotely controlling different regions will be contacted round-the- clock by the employees if they have any queries in operations. Thus their effective working hours are extended much more than the actual working hours. This encroaches the personal time of the employees and will cause distress. The practical solution to minimize the effect of this is by empowering the employees with decision making power. They are allowed a degree of flexibility and encouraged to make logical decisions. To support this there can be regular training, seminars and support to improve and update the technical knowledge and ethical behaviour. Todays managers needs to create an ethical healthy climate for his or her employees, where they can do their work productively and confront a minimum degree of ambiguity regarding what constitutes right and wrong behaviours (Stephen P Robbins, Timothy A Judge, 2007). Implementation The Organisational Vision It is our people that make the difference in terms of results, says the Chairman of the Emirates Group, H.H. Sheikh Ahmed Bin Saeed Al-Maktoum (The Emirates Group, 2010). Gary Chapman, President Group Services and Dnata, states Employees are the key to success of any organisation and we here in the Emirates Group know this well. That is why we put such great emphasis on vocational training and development to ensure our people are equipped to do the job well. The recognition of the value of employees and taking steps in insuring their welfare would be a key element in maintaining a optimum and impressive corporate culture. After-all all machines and technology bough by the organisations are brought to life by its employees. Human Resource Business Support teams ensure effective employee relations through professional compliance with policies and procedures, while the Remuneration and Planning team ensures the Group has practices that will enable us to attract and retain a high calibre workforce, across all locations (Emirates Group Careers, 2010). The company equips the staffs with latest technology and manages the recruitment process by consulting with the concerned managers over their short and long term staff requirements. The department also provides expert guidance to manager in the use of assessment tools and in the recruitment decision making process, to ensure alignment with the HR policies and practices and the values and competencies required in all those recruited globally into the group. The line managers should have a clear picture of the organisations vision. The recruitment process We achieve what we do because of our people. We choose them very carefully, and just as important they choose us very carefully (Maurice Flanagan, 2010). In the expansion of the institution, the need for more human resource becomes prominent. The recruitment process begins by finding role and function of the extra personnel. After the acceptance of the application and the primary selection process and categorising the person to the section according to their talent, the line managers of the prospective sections should be involved in selection of the candidate. By adoption of this step it would make the line manager comfortable in analysing the person for how capable he is and how well they will integrate with their team.

Enigma Outline :: essays research papers

Enigma Outline I. Flash back A. The main character Jericho is staying in Cambridge at the college. B. Jericho has a flash back. C. The flash back is of when he was talking to Atwood. D. March 12, his office comes and gets him. II. Shark A. Jericho goes back to Bletchley to work on the enigma. B. He is taken there by Logie. C. He is taken back to his old hut. D. Jericho looks at the codes called shark. E. Jericho can’t break the code. F. Jericho sees Clair, the reason he left. F. Jericho tries to hit Skinner after a meeting, but this just makes skinner mad. III. The Old House Gives Clue A. Jericho flashes back to the first time he met Clair on the train. B. He has another flash back. C. Jericho goes to her old house to look for her. D. Jericho searches Claire's room, where he finds stolen cryptograms. IV. Solution A. Jericho has another flashback of when Clair leaves him. B. Jericho runs into Hester while he is looking for Clair. C. Tom figures out that if the navy ships give up there position the U-boats can send code. Then he can solve the code by putting it into the decoding machine. V. Major Heaviside A. Hester and Tom meet again to discuss the codes. B. They go to see Major Heaviside, so they can get more of the codes. VI. Cracked Code A. Tom gets the opportunity to start to solve their code when the U-boats attack the convoy. B. At the end of the night, they put the codes in the bombes so they can decipher them. C. Tom uses the information that Hester gave him earlier to figure them out. D. When decoded they say that over 3000 Polish soldiers were killed in a Soviet Camp. E. Tom asks puck about this but he chases him off. F. As they run off the train they are both shot down by Wigram's officers.

Queen Elizabeth I Essay

The play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ was written by William Shakespeare in 1594. From the theme and context of the play, I can conclude that it was probably written for a wedding. It would be similar to the epithalamion written at weddings at this time, but a more elaborate version. Many of the lines rhyme and it all has the feel of poetry: some beautiful and some seeming supernatural and spell-like. It canvasses all aspects of marriage through plot, characters and symbolism, touching on both light and dark areas. The tragic side is shown more through references that actually spelling it out; Pyramus and Thisby is one example of a union which ended in catastrophe. However, despite this, the main idea of marriage is perceived as harmonious; all is shown in a ‘comic’ frame, with a humorous touch and a happy ending. This would be an appropriate feel for a wedding play because it gives the concept of marriage an idyllic feel, telling the newlyweds what they want to hear: that marriage is a good idea. If you search the play in depth, you will find that not only is it about the union of people in a marriage, but also about the unity of opposing forces in nature and bringing harmony from chaos. It is also, in an even broader sense, about the Elizabethan ideals about God and the universe. To clarify exactly what these ideals were and how ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ defines them, I must start at the beginning with the story of Adam and Eve. Elizabethans believed in everything fitting into its natural place. After studying the sky, they thought the universe was made up of spheres, one containing the stars, one containing planets and so on. They thought the Earth was at the centre of the universe; the spheres they believed in were a way of dealing with the fact that different bodies in the sky moved in different ways. It was thought that these spheres made the world harmonious, but humans couldn’t see the true beauty of it because of Adam and Eve. The legend goes that Eve was tempted by the serpent and ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden. This, apparently, caused the whole human race to fall from God’s grace. Now, the relevance of this to ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ and the theme of marriage is that when this happened, it meant man kind could not the ‘music’ of the spheres; they were only told by God that everything had its place. Even the evil in the world has a reason for being there. Humans cannot see quite how everything fits in because of their sin. They do not fully understand why some things happened because they can’t see the ‘big picture’. This was illustrated by the ‘Great Chain of Being’. God came at the top of this chain, with angels under Him. Then came nature (represented by Oberon and Titania), people (shown in all the human characters), and below them animals, plants and rocks. Humans came between animals and Angels, a relationship personified by Bottom. He is a typical human, not very bright or beautiful, but just a normal working class person. He then has a link with both the animal and angel world; he is turned into an ass and he has a relationship with Titania. This establishes the link between animals, angles and humans, and also tells you about the human nature. They are always trying to find something greater that themselves (for example fairies or angels) but to the greater beings, they must look as animals do to us – far beneath them and having little or no brains. Also exhibiting the same way of thinking was the fact that men came above women in the category of humans. If you were to sum up the play with one idea, this is the single idea addressed most eloquently. Many events in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ suggest the superiority of men, through the media of imagery, plot and characters, which will be tackled later. The Elizabethan idea of the cosmos is also addressed by the union of opposites connected with marriage. Their idea of the universe is that everything joins together perfectly and everything has its place. Things which may not seem to have a purpose will have been created by God for a reason; we just don’t know what that is. The prime example is the joining of a man and a woman in marriage. It may seem to make more sense to join two women or two men, as these will have more in common, but this play is trying to say a little of both the male and female persona is needed to make the match united. They are like opposite forces, but marriage brings them together. It is as is they have only half of the qualities needed to bring harmony and they must be brought together in marriage to make a ‘whole’. The same is also being expressed through the union of other opposite forces. There are many contrasting pairs which link hand in hand in this play: night and day; sleeping and waking; supernatural and mortal; discord and harmony; passion and reason; and ultimately female and male. These pairs are all the exact opposite of each other; and yet Shakespeare is presenting the notion that we need each half of the pair to make the world harmonious.

Macbeth and Tragic Hero

Macbeth, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century, expresses clearly the strong pull that desire for power can have over a man. Macbeth, the title character of the play, is often expressed as being the villain of the tragedy. However, through studying the play closely it is clear to see that, rather than being an innately evil character, Macbeth is in fact a tragic hero, doomed by fate from the start to descend into the madness which he did. Had it not been for his hamartia and his interaction with the witches and his wife then the play would have had a very different ending.Like every tragic hero in literature Macbeth suffered from a tragic flaw, or a hamartia. In his case, his flaw was his vaulting ambition, combined with a lust for power. Macbeth himself recognises this ambition in act I, scene 7 where he states in a soliloquy â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent but only vaulting ambition†. This comment suggests that he knows that the on ly thing that prompts his actions is his ambition. While ambition alone is not in fact a bad trait, when added with a lust for power, this ambition can become dangerous. Did having these qualities mean that Macbeth was indisputably corrupt?No, they simply meant that he, like all human beings, had a flaw and a weakness. Indeed, at the start of the play, Macbeth was seen as the hero, being described as â€Å"brave Macbeth† in act I, scene II, and shown as a loyal and brave solider on the battle field. He is also frequently referred to as valiant by Duncan throughout the first act. That ambition always resided within him but did not cause a problem until the prophecy was made by the witches in act I. It was essentially the moment that the witches first cast the prophecy over Macbeth that sealed his fate forever.Without the witches foretelling his rise to power as Thane of Cawdor and furthermore as the future king of Scotland, the idea would never have occurred to him. He was ini tially a modest character, grateful of his position in life. However, once the witches planted the seeds in Macbeths mind they started to flourish and, given his hamartia, the idea wholly consumed him. Though initially he did not believe what they said, once he was granted the title Thane of Cawdor, he started to consider that it could possibly be true. There is a noticeable ifference in his attitude toward the prophecy before and after he is made Thane of Cawdor. Before, there is a clear disbelief in his approach, though it’s obvious that he hopes for it to be true. Where as afterwards Macbeth is starting to view his promotion to King as not just a possibility, but rather an inevitable truth. His desire for this power arose and his ambition started to take control. It was this moment that started his transformation from hero, to tragic hero. However, the alteration was a slow one and throughout the tragedy the Witches continued to contribute to Macbeths growing insanity.Thei r prophecies begun to dictate his every move. This reliance on the witches is seen in the final scenes of the play, where Macbeth shows increasingly reckless behaviour in the battle scene due to the witches’ prophecy that â€Å"none of women born would harm Macbeth† (act IV, scene I). He became enraptured by a longing for power, a desire that would not have consumed him so, had it not been for his interaction with the witches. For if the Witches had not come along, than it is certain that Macbeth would not have fallen victim to the clutches of madness like he did.However, it was not only the Witches who contributed to his mighty fall. For it was not until he wrote to his wife that the ambition fully started to form. If it was the Witches who planted the seeds, then it was Lady Macbeth who helped them to grow. In many ways, Lady Macbeth can be described as the driving force behind the murder of Duncan and thus also Macbeth’s transformation. It was initially Lady Macbeth who created the idea for the murder of the King. Whiles Macbeth had previously considered it, he had never come to a conclusion and had simply left things to see how they turned out.Lady Macbeth was the one who voiced the idea and who pushed it. In act I, scene 7 Macbeth had decided that he would not go through with the act, however he was convinced otherwise by his wife, who questioned his manhood through quotes such as â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more then what you were, you would be so much more the man† (act I, seven 7). She worked on Macbeth’s ambition and filled his mind with ideas of power. Combined with his tragic flaw, it was almost impossible for Macbeth to resist that temptation. It was ultimately Lady Macbeth who spurred him to murder Duncan.Macbeth was not a typical villain, for whiles he did kill people he felt guilt and remorse for his acts. In the scene following the discovery of Ducans murdered body (act II), Mac beth showed great difficulty in hiding his remorse. This contrasted with his wife, who could easily hide the truth and forge innocence. He was also aware of the consequences that could arise from his actions, as seen in the ‘if it were when tis done’ soliloquy in act I, scene 7. Most other villains created by Shakespeare did not suffer from this same form of guilt as Macbeth, guilt that eventually drove him crazy.This emotion is shown in the scene where Macbeth sees an apparition of Banqo at the banquet. This apparition was a reflection of his remorse for the crime he had committed and his fear of being caught. This guilt and knowledge of the consequences of his actions is one of the main things that separates’ Macbeth from a typical villain and helps make him a tragic hero. Macbeth was not an irrevocably evil character, but rather one who had flaws which he caved into. In the end, it was his hamartia and his interactions with the witches and his wife that shaped him into the tragic hero that he became.