How to Write a Supplement Essay For Wellesley College

How to Write a Supplement Essay For Wellesley CollegeWellesley College is one of the oldest colleges in the United States. It has a long standing association with Harvard University. This association was founded in 1837 and was a part of the Pilgrims Society. Since that time, Wellesley College has been the center of education for those who want to get an advanced degree.When you are applying for college, you should choose Wellesley College for its excellence. There are many students who dream of enrolling at this college. If you apply with the hopes of getting into a prestigious college, there is no way you will succeed. If you are into getting admission into a top-notch college, then you should look out for the tips given in this guide. Let's see how you can use these tips to your advantage when you are applying for Wellesley College.One of the things that is most helpful in your Wellesley College essay is your essay on the possible benefits of getting an education from Wellesley. Y ou must give this essay something real. If you write about your future by saying things like 'I would love to attend Wellesley College someday', you would just be wasting your time. It's better to take the route of writing what you really think.Wellesley College is a great choice for those who are looking for a place where they can get an education without having to put too much time and effort. The college is known for its world class facilities, and this is a very important aspect of your Wellesley College essay. If you have an interest in knowing more about these facilities, then you can also discuss this subject in your Wellesley College essay. You can also talk about how the college provides you with all the necessary facilities for your education. All these can be discussed in detail and this will greatly help you in your essay.Another thing that is very important in the essay is the relevance of your career options after you finish college. Since a lot of people believe that a school allows you to get into any type of a career after graduation, you must mention how that is not so in Wellesley College. If you believe that it will be hard to earn a decent amount of money, then you should write about how the college gives you the opportunities to get a job. If you don't want to talk about this subject in your Wellesley College essay, then don't. Just make sure that you mention it briefly and objectively.It is a good idea to use personal anecdotes about yourself in your Wellesley College essay. Remember that it is not necessary that you should include these anecdotes if you do not feel like sharing them. However, these details can come in handy when you are filling in the form.Last but not the least, you must also know how to relate all these to your Wellesley College essay. You must not simply quote a few facts as they are very general.

Sample Essay on Project Roles, Offices, Certifications and Degrees

Sample Essay on Project Roles, Offices, Certifications and DegreesIt is always a good idea to have a sample essay on project roles, offices, certifications and degrees, in the event that you want to write one. Writing a good sample will be helpful as well as will help to make you aware of the types of essays you may need to write. Writing a good sample should also show you how you may move forward with it.The first step in writing the sample will be to consider what your intended use is for the essay. This is not to be confused with its title, which can be entirely subjective as far as the use of a word or phrase goes. The intent is to serve as a guideline for where the essay will go from there.The sample essay on project roles, offices, certifications and degrees should also help you determine whether or not you will want to write a structured dissertation. Typically you may not need to write a structured essay. A work can be essayed and its use can be more narrow. A strong structur e would be needed to prevent you from running out of things to say. It is important to keep your overall topic in mind and to make sure that it contains the exact information you have for the essay, however, if you are writing for submission to a specific employer you will want to make sure that your essay has sufficient information to make the employer curious about the topic and the individual who wrote it.Now the next thing to do is to look at the sample that you will be following. There is no need to get overly stressed out about this because the sample is not as big as the final product will be. What you should do is to find a sample that is close to you in your style and writing style, but with a few slight variations.The best way to do this is to look at the samples that your potential employer asks for and decide if you will use the sample for project roles, offices, certifications and degrees. A sample that is more general may be a better choice. Now, if you are unsure what kind of writer you are then it may be best to use a more specialized sample in order to ensure that you are not losing out on the specific information that you need.You will also want to decide on the length of the essay. Some employers will ask you to submit a longer one in order to make sure that you have the information and details that they need.After you have decided on the sample and have decided on a specific topic, you can then begin to write the essay. Be sure to use correct grammar and spelling and to use proper punctuation.Keep in mind that your example is only a sample. It does not mean that it should be used for every article that you write. You should always take your own sample as a guide, but always go into a written assignment with your own essay.

Bad Information Technology Research Paper Topics and How to Avoid Them

Bad Information Technology Research Paper Topics and How to Avoid ThemIt's common knowledge that the most difficult problems that students face in college are on topics related to IT and information technology. I've seen this both on my own research and in conversations with other college professors. People in IT seem to have the problem of them simply not knowing enough about it. This has led to a large number of IT issues popping up during business class, homework and even on the final project.This is a big part of the problem. Students learn how to manage things and make things work, but they never spend enough time researching and finding out what their employers think about their assignments. As a result, they find themselves taking the organization and management aspect of IT all wrong. And this isn't a good place to be if you want to get into the field.In addition to having an unwillingness to spend time researching the subject matter, there are many reasons why students fail to successfully tackle one of the most commonly seen bad information technology research paper topics. One reason is that many of these students simply don't have the right attitude for the project. They believe that it is something that they have to do and they aren't willing to do the research necessary to succeed. The solution? Pull the paper and move on to the next one.The other reason comes from the students who believe that they will succeed no matter what because they have the knowledge that they need to succeed with any specific project. Again, the solution? Pull the paper and move on to the next one.The good news is that these problems can be avoided. There are programs available that are specifically designed to help students and professors to complete assignments related to IT. Most of these programs will allow students to work at their own pace and set their own goals for the assignment. Let's take a look at some of the great things about these programs. First of all, th ey allow students to complete assignments that they wouldn't be able to do in school. If they don't have enough of a background in the subject matter or if they are simply afraid of getting into the industry, they can have their work graded by someone who is an expert in the field. When students take part in these programs, they also have access to an IT support team that they can contact with any questions or concerns they may have.One more great thing about these programs is that they help you avoid the most common problems that students face when tackling bad information technology research paper topics. For example, many of the students fail to understand the importance of writing clear and concise information about the topic. It is the job of the instructors to make sure that this happens, but most students don't realize that they have the tools to help make it happen.If you find yourself struggling with these types of bad information technology research paper topics, you will be glad to know that there are programs available to help you through this difficult time. You don't have to worry about writing a paper because the program will handle that for you. It is designed to help you avoid the common mistakes that most students make as well as help you stay focused while completing your project.

Topics For Graphic Design Research Paper

Topics For Graphic Design Research PaperIt is important to choose topics for graphic design research paper that are interesting and educational. A well-structured topic with many different themes can cover a variety of topics and may be appropriate for a variety of subjects. It is also important to avoid topics that are too general as they will not provide a solid foundation for the research that follows.When it comes to learning about graphics design, the topic should be chosen based on its relevance to the design. For example, if a topic is general enough to cover topics such as background styles, then it is too broad and should be removed from the graphic design research paper. Many topics include more than one theme. Researching a topic with a single theme will be difficult and confusing. This makes the topic more appropriate to a broader range of topics that may not be too narrow.It is also important to choose a specific topic with particular focus. The goal is to find specific and essential information that would help you or others in the future. If the information is already available in other forms, then they will not be used and may simply be thrown away.It is also important to balance a graphic design research paper with several other areas of your school. When you are writing an assignment for your school, it is important to include topic areas such as politics, society, culture, the environment, and ethnicity. By combining this with other topics, you will have more choice of topics for your assignment.It is also important to learn as much as possible about the subject matter. Take notes about the information you learn by reading various publications, conducting interviews, and observing presentations. Information is only useful when it is put into a meaningful context.It is also important to learn about the type of information that will be used in the research paper. There are two main types of information, one that you use on the basis of its relev ancy and another which is based on its how-to style. When it comes to how-to information, it is easier to adapt this information into a graphic design research paper and sometimes is necessary to base it on similar examples.There are many resources available online that can be used to plan a good topic for a graphic design research paper. While you will still need to create the overall layout of the paper, you can find ideas for topics and layout tips on many sites. Try to keep your search for ideas as broad as possible to give yourself a large list of topics to choose from.Writing a good topic for a graphic design research paper is an important part of the entire process. It will help you to create a cohesive outline of the project and will help to clarify what you will be writing. Using a good topic will increase your chances of completing the project successfully and will also give you a greater understanding of graphic design.

Easy Essay Topics For Macroeconomics

Easy Essay Topics For MacroeconomicsAn easy essay topic for macroeconomics is hard to come by. The truth is that all too often people have an idea about what they want the paper to be about and that's the only topic they allow themselves to write about. It is certainly not easy writing a perfect essay, but that's just the nature of a free market economy and free enterprise. Of course if you are going to create a paper it should reflect your personality as well as your learning skills.You can find plenty of topics for a good essay on the internet and over the course of time. My personal favorite is using essay as a test in school and creating an outline for the entire class. In doing this you can write the outline for each student who is assigned to it and provide the same outline for all the students who have a need for it. This helps the class as a whole and you as well as the teachers get to keep track of who's taking the test and what problems they are encountering.There are some free essay writing websites available on the internet which will help you with your essay topics. These essay writing websites are great because they provide you with homework and if you complete it then they give you a total grade. One of my favorite topics to write on is social issues and current events. For example, if you were to write an essay about gun control it would be a very interesting topic.You will need to plan out the essay. Once you have a good outline in place you can work on the content, and the essay will come to you in sections. Take some time to check out what you're interested in and how much research you will need to do in order to fit into the essay. Then you can begin to write and keep your eyes open for things that might be helpful to the topic.Make sure you take advantage of all the free sites that are available on the internet. It may seem like a lot of work, but it is a lot of fun! There are some groups online that have a lot of great resources to help yo u.All in all, the essays that you write are great for a portfolio and a way to showcase your ability as a writer. That's why I recommend that you take some time to study all the topics that you would like to write about. It is also important to plan your essays well before you begin the actual writing process.Writing is an art and writing on an easy essay topics for macroeconomics is not difficult. With enough practice, you can create a perfect article.

Creating and promoting an effective school library program Essay Example

Creating and promoting an effective school library program Essay This paper will analyze the process of creating and promoting an effective library program. By establishing a library program, it is possible to help the students to improve their performance as it assists the students in obtaining the books necessary for their reading at the K-12 level. An effective school library program also involves the cooperation between students, teachers, and school administration. A few school administrators have encouraged the students to develop â€Å"after-hours school library program† so that students can use the books available in the school libraries after the teaching hours. (Barringer, 21) This program gives sufficient freedom to the students and the teachers and other volunteers as they are given the freedom to approach government authorities for grants since financial assistance is necessary to develop such a program. (Barringer, 21) Information regarding school library programs can be disseminated in the form of pamphlets or newsletters since such methods have been used in some schools. (Barringer, 21) This shows that the school administration gives autonomy to the students in order to interact with the school administration and government authorities with a view to develop the school library. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating and promoting an effective school library program specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Creating and promoting an effective school library program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Creating and promoting an effective school library program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The student administrators, in after-hours school libraries, are able to request the students to cooperate with them in order to create a library. With the assistance of other school members such as teachers, students, and administrators, it is possible to establish such a program. For example, before establishing such programs, the student leaders can call for a meeting of other school members in order to discuss the specific issues related to building a school library. (Barringer, 21) The after-hours school library program can involve interaction between parents, teachers and students. (Barringer, 21)   For example, in some schools that adopt school library programs, parents are given information concerning various courses. The parents are given information concerning the labs, books, courses, music lessons, and so on. The teachers can give guidance to the student projects. (Barringer, 21) The informal interaction between the students and the teachers can help the students in obtaining further information pertaining to their lessons and also various practical issues that affect the lives of the students. (Barrigner, 21) Due to their advantages, school library programs should be encouraged by the school authorities. School libraries are required in order to help the administration to evaluate the needs of the students. With the help of the parents and other community members, it is possible to arrange for financial grant that is necessary to build a school library and other facilities in the schools. (Barringer) An important advantage of school library program is that it encourages teamwork, which also results in innovation. Thus, new techniques of learning are being discovered by the students. (Building) Consequently, the students are able to control the learning process, which is extremely important to improve the creative thinking abilities of the students. Since the students learn the value of team work, they are able to emerge as valuable and enlightened citizens after they finish their education. (Building) School library programs provide an opportunity both to the students as well as teachers to participate in the academic work. (Building)   For example, the teachers and students are encouraged to make use of resources. Based on the curriculum, the teachers can give guidance to the students concerning the use of relevant materials necessary for their courses. (Building) Another advantage of school library program is that it enhances interaction between community members and the school authorities. Through school library members, the school authorities can give information concerning the programs of schools and the achievements of the students. This improves the relationship between the students, teachers, and the parents. (Barringer, 21) Another important advantage of such programs is that they can assist in improving the ‘literacy levels’ of the community members. (Barringer, 21)   This will encourage the students to increase the collection of books and other resources necessary to improve their knowledge concerning specific area of study. (Barrigner, 21) By managing school libraries, the student and teacher-librarians are able to obtain valuable training in the art of management leading to their personality development. The work of establishing any school library program should start with ‘a solid plan’. (Barringer, 22)   This is because the school authorities need to be clear regarding their goals of initiating such a program. The students need to prepare an outline of the program’s plan and with the help of the Head of the Department and the Principal can initiate the process of building a school library. (Barringer, 22) The student leaders need to take the help of other students to build the school library. After obtaining necessary permission from the school authorities the students can start the process of building the library. The next stage is obviously maintenance and promotion of the school library. (Barringer, 22) The librarians need to maintain the records of the library in order to enable the students to borrow books and other materials available in the library. (Barringer, 22)   The student leaders need to look for the volunteers who can come forward during their free time to manage the library. There is a need to decide the timings of the library and such timings should be informed to the members of the library. (Barringer, 22) Periodic meetings should be conducted in order to assess the progress of the library work. In such meetings, the members can also discuss the need for changes in the management system. (Barringer, 22) The students and the parents should be encouraged to visit the library. The library should encourage not only reading but also discussion of the specific readings so as to enable the students to improve their reading and thinking skills. (Barringer, 22) The government has showed its interest in the education of all students by introducing the No Child Left Behind Act. (NCLB) (Yoke, 34)   The provisions of this act can be used to improve the library collection or establish new school libraries. The act gives importance to enhancing students’ reading, mathematics, and comprehension skills. (Yoke, 34) By convincing the government authorities that the school libraries would consider the provisions of NCLB, it is possible to obtain funding for building the school library. (Yoke, 34)   It is important to obtain the financial resources because without financial resources it is not possible to build a great school library. The library that is funded by the government needs to possess books and resources that improve the learning and reading abilities of the students. (Yoke, 34) Studies have showed that ‘quality school libraries’ have been able to help the students in improving their performance in the standardized tests conducted in order to assess the learning abilities of the students. (Yoke, 34)   There are many studies which stress the need for building a quality library in every school so that students are able to obtain access to necessary books and other study materials that helps them in the school to improve their performances. (Yoke 34) The student leaders or the administrators who decide to establish school libraries need to be aware of the provisions of the NCLB in order to make proper adjustments so as to obtain funding from the government authorities. NCLB act is available in the government websites. (Yoke , 34) Before creating the plan for the school library, the school authorities need to obtain a copy of the NCLB curriculum that insists on mathematics and reading abilities since such abilities are evaluated in the national level tests.   . (Yoke, 35)   The school leaders who want to establish a school library also need to obtain information concerning NCLB curriculum from professional bodies of teachers and academicians. (Yoke, 35) After obtaining such information, the administrators can prepare a plan that takes into consideration the provisions of the NCLB act. The school administration needs to discuss the plan with the students and faculty members so as to obtain valuable feedbacks in order to improve the library resources or collection. (Yoke, 35) After obtaining necessary feedback, the administration should approach the appropriate authorities in order to obtain funding for the school library so as to increase the collection. (Yoke, 35) After obtaining the funding, the librarian should obtain the help of the teachers and students in order to improve the collection. . (Yoke, 35)   While purchasing books, care should be taken to spend the amount in a judicious manner so that unnecessary books are removed from the purchase list and only valuable books are included in the collection. . (Yoke, 35) The school librarians are accountable to the school authorities and the government. . (Yoke, 35)   Therefore, sufficient care should be taken to properly utilize the fund. This will create confidence in the mind of the administration regarding the mangers of the school library. (Yoke, 36) Building a school library involves the process of selection as well as ‘de-selection’ of books and other resources. (Yoke, 35)   The irrelevant and outdated books should be promptly replaced by new books that are relevant to the students’ achievement. With the help of the teachers, it is possible to improve the collection of school library. (Yoke, 36) School library program helps both the teacher and as well as the learner since the students need the help of the teachers in establishing libraries in their schools. (Building)   The teachers are expected to advice the librarians pertaining to the curriculum of the schools and the books that need to be procured through the school library program. (Building) The program also comprises understanding between the librarians and the administrative staff since the librarians or managers of the school library need the support of the administrative staff while processing files and documents. (Building) School libraries can be created and promoted through cooperation and understanding between the students and the teachers. (Building)   The teachers need to encourage the students to do additional reading by referring the books and other resources available in the library. This will reduce the teaching work so that teachers are able to concentrate on other aspects of learning. (Building) A school library does not necessarily possess only the books. Such libraries can possess exhibits, media collections, and internet-based resources. (Building)     The library managers are required to maintain the record of the possession of the library. (Building)   Obviously, the school librarians need the assistance of other staff for maintaining records of books borrowed by the members. The students can utilize technology in the context of the school libraries. (Building) As has been already mentioned, the students can use internet technology in order to obtain access to major resources required for the study of the courses. A few resources are available in the school websites and other restricted sites. (Building)   By managing access to such technologies, the school librarians are able to assist the library members to improve their performance. This will encourage the members to contribute more to the development of the library resources. School library programs should also assist the members in developing the habit of ‘life long learning’. (Building)   This is because education does not end with the school years. Education should continue even after the students leave the schools. The students should be encouraged to use new approaches while participating in the school library program. (Building)     Through this strategy, it is possible to maintain and strengthen a school library program. In order to maintain an efficient school library program, it is important to organize the resources. For example, books and resources belonging to particular subjects can be kept in a specific place creating distinct spaces for different subjects. Mathematics resources can be separated from history resources. (Building) Through such a policy, it is possible to remove confusion while searching for resources including books in the school libraries. The school librarians are also required to perform the maintenance work of the books and resources of the library. (Building)   For example, old and unusable books should be removed from the library shelf and arrangement should be made to either replace them with new ones or repair them so that they could be used by the library members. Attempt should be made to maintain the resources such as audio and video CDs and other equipments of the library. (Building) The students should be given the orientation program in order to help them in using the resources available in the library. (Building) The teacher-librarian who is appointed to administer the school library with the help of the students is accountable to the principal. (Building) Therefore, the teacher should take care to maintain the resources and give information to the administrators and other stakeholders regarding the resources available in the school library. (Building) The school libraries at K-12 level need to possess at least one full time staff that is capable of handling the demands of the members of the library. (Quality)  Ã‚   This staff needs to maintain contact with the school department of education in order to understand the aims of the institution. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The staff is required to act as liaison agent between the students, teachers, and administration. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   This coordination can be done by including the library staff in various school committees so that the librarian can express the needs of the library. (Quality) The librarian also needs the support of the clerical and technological staff. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clerical staff is required to maintain the records of the library including cataloguing the resources. Technical staff is required to maintain the equipments that need periodic service. (Quality)   For example, in order to use audio and video CDs, there is a need for relevant equipments.   By maintaining the equipments, it is possible to reduce unnecessary expenditure. Librarians and teachers can establish collaborative relationship by discussing the resources that need to be procured for the library. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example, the teacher can give information concerning the changes in the curriculum and the need for new materials indispensable for the teaching new courses. (Quality)   With such collaborative effort it is possible to maintain the up to date information. The teachers and the students should be given training in ‘information literacy’ because by using databases available in the library, it is possible to allow the teacher and the learner to utilize all the resources available in the library. (Quality)   The librarian and the school administration need to procure the latest equipments including books, computers, internet-related resources, and so on. (Quality) With the use of new resources, it is possible to minimize the expenditure on printed resources although it is impossible to totally ignore the print materials. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a need for ‘flexible scheduling’ of the library so that the students and teachers are able to use the library during their free time. (Quality) Without cooperation between teachers, students, and administrators, it is impossible to assure the efficient functioning of school libraries. (Quality)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The teacher-librarians or the professional librarians need to provide ‘professional leadership’ to their institutions since they have the ability to improve the efficiency of the school libraries. (Quality)   The libraries also need liberal funding in order to buy the books, equipments, and other resources. Therefore, library budget should be used in such as way as to improve the efficiency of the school libraries. (Quality) School principals, students, and parents can play an important role in the success of school library programs. (Doug, 110)   A few principals, being administrators, do not take much interest in school library programs. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   The principals need to have a good understanding of the aims and objectives of the school library so that they can convince the government authorities concerning the need for continued financial support for maintaining high quality school library. (Doug, 110) The principal of a school needs to have periodic discussion with the school librarians so that needs of the school library could be comprehended by the administrators. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   Divergent needs of the library should be mentioned in the reports that the administrators submit to the higher authorities. (Doug, 110) The librarians can communicate to the principal concerning the financial and other needs of the library through the parents, teachers, and students. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   The school newsletter should comprise a section describing the achievements of the school library and future goals and plans of the library. (Doug, 110)  Ã‚   At the same time, it is the duty of the librarian to convince the principal and other administrators regarding the needs of the library. The librarian should provide inspired leadership so as to obtain cooperation from students, teachers, and community members including the parents. (Doug, 110) To conclude, student-librarians, teacher-librarians, professional librarians, teachers, students, parents, administration, and community members play an important role in creating and promoting school library programs. Libraries are necessary for each and every school to achieve the aims of the respective institution. The school library programs need to possess plans, vision, and implementation models. With proper coordination between the librarians and school administration, it is possible to create a school library program. Schools need to utilize the government funding in order to obtain the financial resources necessary for building a library. The librarians and library staff need to maintain the books and equipments of the library. By following a specific plan it is possible to promote the school library program.

6 Helpful Physical and Chemical Change Examples

6 Helpful Physical and Chemical Change Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In your science class, you may have heard of chemical and physical changes. But do you know how to tell the difference between the two? The answer lies in whether or not a change to a substance results in its molecules being rearranged. In this article, we will define chemical and physical and changes. Then we’ll take a look at specific chemical change examples and physical change examples to better understand their differences and similarities. So let’s get started! When ice cream melts (and goes from a solid to a liquid), it undergoes a physical change. Physical Change Definition First, let’s talk about physical changes in chemistry. A physical change occurs when a substance or object changes its appearance, phase, or is used in a mixture. More importantly, a physical change does not change the molecular structure of a substance. And you can reverse a physical change to recover all of the original matter, even if it doesn’t look exactly the same. In other words, in physical changes, the molecules from before and after the change stay the same! What is an example of a physical change? Things like cutting a piece of paper in half, freezing water into ice or bending some of your mom’s favorite silverware (don’t do that!) are all physical changes. That’s because physical changes only affect a substance’s physical properties, not the composition of their molecules. Still not sure about what constitutes a physical change? Don’t worry: we’ll dig into more physical change examples in just a minute. When logs burn, they undergo a chemical change. Chemical Change Definition In contrast, a chemical change takes place when the original substance’s of molecules are taken apart and put back together into new combinations that are different from the original combinations. Furthermore, the original matter cannot be recovered. And unlike physical changes, these changes usually use a lot more energy, such as heat and light, because the molecular bonds need to be broken in order to rearrange them. What is an example of a chemical change, then? Some chemical change examples include a piece of paper burning, a nail rusting, or baking a cake. Like physical changes, it’s pretty clear that the way these things start and end are quite different: a shiny nail turns orange with rust, and wet dough becomes a delicious dessert. The reasons these are chemical changes is that the change happens on a molecular level. Put another way, the object you begin with and the object you end with are completely different substances. So, let’s look at some more examples of physical and chemical changes to better understand the differences and similarities between the two. When this mallet hits the egg, the egg will undergo a (very messy) physical change. (P.S: Don't try this at home!) Physical Change Examples Earlier we talked about some examples of physical and chemical changes. But sometimes telling a physical change from a chemical change can be hard. This is especially true when physical changes require or expend energy. The important thing to remember is that in a physical change, the molecules remain the same. Let’s look at three different physical change examples to better understand this idea. Example 1: Phase Changes iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W8CTuj78RbY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Phase changes involve changes in size, volume, and density. For instance, when you turn water into ice or vapor, this is called a phase change. This is because water has 3 phases: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapor or steam). It may seem like some of the water molecules are lost during each phase change: the ice cube gets smaller, and steam seems to disappear into the air. However, in each of these three stages, the water molecules stay the same. And if you were to cool down the vapor, it would reform into water. Cool it down enough, and it would turn back into ice. There would be the same amount of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ice cube as there were in the steam, and these atoms will stay in the same molecular shape in all stages. Let’s take a closer look at what’s happening on a molecular level. Vapor is made up of H20 just like the ice cube. The only difference between vapor and ice is that the individual molecules have spread apart in vapor due to the application of heat. Meanwhile, in ice, the molecules group closer together because of the absence of heat. Though these phase changes require energy to be expelled (exothermic reactions) or applied (endothermic reactions), the number of atoms and the shape of the molecules in the substance remains the same. That’s what makes it a physical change! Example 2: Changes in Size and Shape iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/30pdXVaJpzSO9vttAd" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen/iframepa href="https://giphy.com/gifs/universalafrica-umgsa-umusic-universamusicsouthafrica-30pdXVaJpzSO9vttAd"via GIPHY/a/p Like we mentioned earlier, physical changes are all about whether molecules stay the same or not. When an object undergoes a physical change, it can become a different size and shape as long as its composition stays the same. Here’s what we mean: if you have ever dropped a piece of glass on the floor, you know that it will break apart, exploding into a million pieces. If you really wanted to, once you swept all that glass up into your dustpan, you could probably fit it all back together (even though it would take a lot of time and patience). This is also a physical reaction because the glass stays glass. When it shatters, the glass changes size and shape, but its molecules don’t change. This is a physical change that only involves a change in size and shape. While energy helped shatter the glass into pieces, no energy was used to rearrange the molecules. Example 3: Mixtures Solutions iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_Tck943uH2o" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Imagine you are on a day out at the beach. The sun is shining, the sand is warm, and the seagulls are trying to steal people’s lunches. After playing in the waves for a bit, you decide to make a sandcastle. You fill your bucket up with sand and plop it upside down. The sand comes out but it doesn’t stick together. You forgot to add water! You try again, this time with water and voila, you’ve created your first tower like a master sandcastle architect. But why didn’t the sand stick together the first time? It has to do with a physical property called surface tension. Surface tension refers to how strong the bond is between a substance’s molecules. Water has a strong surface tension, so adding it to the sand creates a strong enough bond for the sand to cling together instead of falling apart. What makes this different from a chemical reaction is that the sand and the water, though mixed together, do not change their molecular structure. The water stays water and the sand stays sand. And if you were to measure the water that will eventually evaporate once the sandcastle dries, you will find that the amount of evaporated water is equal to the amount of liquid water you added to the sand originally. This is called a mixture because both substances (the sand and the water) retain their own physical properties. The same is true if you add salt or sugar to water. It seems like the salt and sugar dissolve and form new molecules. But if you were to wait for the water to evaporate, you would find that the salt or sugar molecules get left behind in the glass. This is called a solution. Solutions differ from mixtures in that they are homogenous. A single drop of saltwater would have the same number of salt molecules (NaCl) per water molecules (H2O) as another drop taken from the same solution. In a mixture, you might have more sand than water in two different handfuls, even if they were taken from the same bucket. These physical change examples should help you recognize the difference between a physical and chemical change. Especially when you compare them to the chemical change examples below. Dough turning into bread is a tasty example of a chemical change. Chemical Change Examples Both physical and chemical changes result in one thing turning into another. Whether it’s a glass breaking or burning a piece of paper, the original item becomes something different. So how can you tell the difference between a physical and a chemical change? It all comes down toyou guessed it!the molecules. In a physical change, the molecules stay exactly the same throughout the transformation. In a chemical change, however, it’s the molecules themselves that transform! Here are three examples of chemical changes to help you spot the difference! Example 1: Combustion iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xd1alir07q4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Combustion is a chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen, that creates heat and light. The energy released by the reaction (in the form of heat and light) is caused by the breaking of molecular bonds. As a result, the original substances transform into entirely different substances because of the rearrangement of molecules, which is an example of a chemical change! For instance, if you mix oxygen (O2) with a type of hydrocarbon called methane (CH4), the molecular bonds of both substances are broken, which creates the heat and light. The bonds then reform to create two different molecules: carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Combustion reactions can occur at different rates, too. An example of a slow reaction is a match burning. A fast reaction would be dynamite exploding. The amount of energy released in any combustion reaction depends on how much energy is needed to break the molecular bonds. The harder it is to break the bonds, the more energy is released overall. But regardless of whether the reaction is fast or slow, combustion is a chemical change. Example 2: Decomposition iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1ocQhkHw_MM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Decomposition is rather straightforward. A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. For instance, when an electric current is passed through water (H2O), it can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen or H2 + O2. In this example, water is broken down into its two elements. The result is a chemical change because the starting and ending molecules are different. You’ll notice that this chemical reaction needed electricity to happen. Decomposition reactions usually require the application of heat from an outside source, making it an endothermic reaction. Keep in mind that not all decomposition reactions have to break down into their elemental forms. More complicated substances with longer molecular chains may break down into smaller compounds instead of elements. An example of this is when 2Fe(OH)3 (also known as ferric oxide) is exposed to heat. Instead of breaking into its individual molecules, it turns into two compounds: Fe2O3 + 3H2O. Example 3: Combination iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w2ydd9rJHws" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Combination reactions, also called synthesis reactions, are the opposite of decomposition reactions. These reactions occur when two substances (called reactants) are added together to create one new substance. And because this is a chemical reaction, the result is a molecular change! One example of this would be a nail rusting. While this may seem like a decomposition reaction because it seems like the nail is decomposing and falling apart. But actually, it’s a chemical change! Iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) combine to create the compound iron oxide (Fe2O3), which is rust. And as you can see, it also results in a completely new molecule. What's Next? Understanding chemical and physical reactions in only one part of what you need to know in order to succeed on either the SAT Chemistry Subject Exam or the AP Chemistry Exam. Here’s a complete syllabus for AP Chemistry to show you what you need to know, and here’s an SAT Chemistry study guide, too. Are you in IB Chemistry? We’ve got you covered, too. Here’s the complete syllabus, a comprehensive study guide, and some examples of past papers from the IB Chemistry exam. If chemistry has you stumped, it’s a good idea to check out some books that can explain challenging concepts in an easy-to-understand way. This post will help you find a guidebook that’s right for you. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! 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