Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Report - Assignment ExampleAny childrens right forums should relate existing clement rights law to the particular circumstances of these children and assume existing laws to meet the specific needs of vulnerable children. It is the responsibleness and rights of parents and educators to offer guidance in the implementation of rights of these children. They must develop an approach that, takes into account the childs evolving capacities, such as age and self-realization. Self-identity can be explained as the descriptive characteristics, abilities, qualities, of a person. (Freeman, 2000)Listening to children twaddle about their right and rights of other, there is need to put in place more active ways of particularly identifying childrens views, mainly when it comes to conducting a research and educational practices. Children, and in particular young ones, should be allowed to express their views in any way possible even through childrens activities like tipple and orally. The mean ings young ones attach to their experiences are rarely the meanings that the adults in charge of them would ascribe. (Bandman, 1999)The session will focus on the importance of understanding how children construct and develop their own sense of what their rights are and in what way they develop a sense of belonging within the community and family they come from. It will scrutinize the importance of ahead of time experiences in relation to their self-worth. The connection among the vision, belonging, and the shaping of childrens identity will be discussed, including the areas of attachment, social- cultural heritage, development experiences and progressive relationship structure will be explored.Johnny is a seven-year-old boy in a kindergarten school, he is from a humble background, as the first-born child of four boys, and one girl he is amusing about his surroundings. At this age, he can ask questions and seek answers about

The concept of fairness Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The concept of fun attractiveness - Movie Review modelLavoie describes a situation when he asked a teacher whether she would have spent some time explaining breeding personally to the nestling with disabilities and she answered that she wouldnt have done that, because it would have been unfair regarding former(a) children. Hence, Lavoie says that she was wrong in her definition of fairness. Thus when a child with discloseing disabilities gets the same treatment as other children, the event that teacher treats all the children the same way seems to be unfair and even offensive for the child. Hence, it would be fair if the child with disabilities got special treatment, even though it may take some time of learning from other children. He claims that this concept is very important because the main principle according to which children learn is that they learn not from what teachers tell them but they learn from what teachers (and parents) do. Hence, Lavoie says that a teacher may say that he is not hypothetical to treat the child with learning disabilities in some special way, because it is unfair regarding other children. However, children understand fair acts as those that satisfy the needs of each and every person, so they indeed would understand why the child with disabilities gets special treatment. Thus Lavoie advices parents to be fair in this very meaning. As far as children learn from what parents do, not say, they have to behave in accordance with what they tell their children to do. For example, if parents tell their child not to guile and the next moment they lie themselves.

Is there a need for reform in Albany Term Paper

Is on that point a withdraw for reform in Albany - Term Paper Exampleand corruption matters that occurred in the State legislature in the past two years and the kind of reforms that the Governor and the legislature has vest in place to address the matter. The paper then describes the legal and policy structure of the adopted reforms and the cosmos criticism that this has generated. The paper then concludes by giving recommendations to the Governor and to the State Legislature to restore the overt trust (Katz).Although there are numerous cases of corruption in Albany, the most pointed cases have been in the legislature. In a recent scandal, the senators from Buffalo state George Maziarz as well as Patrick Gallivan purportedly spent $ 140,000 and $ 80,000 separately in time they were in office. In this particular case, the problem was not in the spending of the cash itself but the fact that they did not find it fit to report their expenditures. Apart from Senators George Maziarz and Patrick Gallivan being investigated, the now inoperative Moreland Commission was also investigating state Sen. Diane Savino of Staten Island for alleged mismanaging of campaign funds. These two cases are a take a shit indication of the rot in the states Legislature (Frisch).In light of the corruption allegations deep down the state, Governor Cuomo set up the Moreland Commission (now defunct) to address the allegations. The power to form this commission comes from the Moreland Act, a statute that gives the Governor the authority to set up a panel to look at waste in the government and to come up with recommendations for reforms. Upon setting up the committee, Attorney General Schneiderman offered to deputize the commission something that bolstered its powers. This was because his battlefront had accorded the commission a wider legal reach than the current powers that were contained in the Moreland Act (Medina).For Governor Cuomo, there is need to develop a campaign finance system that incorporates the option of public financing. The call for this reform

Research Methods (semi structured interview of four women in the sex Essay

Research Methods (semi coordinate interrogate of four women in the sex industry) - Essay ExampleThe paper also provees the various themes and the data that testament be hive away in the interview.There ar two research methods namely quantitative research method and the qualitative research method, both qualitative and quantitive research methods have their strength and weakness. D jibe to Amaratunga (2002) Qualitative research method is concerned with the properties, the current state and the character, in this method data is get winded through focus groups, questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative research on the other hand is defined as entreaty of numerical data, in this research method data can be sorted, categorised and measured, for this reason indeed statistical analysis of the data can be undertaken to obtain central measures such as the mean, median(a) and standard deviation.In this research I intend to use the qualitative method of research, qualitative metho ds collect greater information depth and details than in the quantitive method of research, therefore this method leave alone maintenance in collection of more information in our case because both(prenominal) of the themes in our study are not easy to generalise.Our research topic is very sensitive and therefore the qualitative method macrocosm able for s... Qualitative method of research will create openness between the interviewer and the respondents whereby the participants can discuss subjects that are important to them rather than when the respondents are offered closed questions. The research coordinators can also correct and explain ambiguities and confusion over concepts. Therefore Qualitative method in our research will help disregard prejudice responses in the answers given and any confusion corrected. Having discussed the advantages of qualitative method we can conclude that it is suitable to undertake our research method, it will help us collect more information and for this reason we will not require a large sample size, our results will also not be biased in that the research coordinator will clarify any misunderstanding of questions and also the ability to check the take aim of understanding by the respondents. It would be therefore to collect data using the qualitative research method. trucking rig structured interviewBiklen (1992) states that In structured method of surveys interviews have limited number of questions but in the semi structured interview there are set themes to be explored and therefore the interview is supple and does not follow a limited number of set questions. In a semi structured interview the survey is like a conversation and respondents are more likely to open up and give more information. Face to face interviews have advantages over the other survey methods, according to Biklen (1992) some of these advantages include the opportunity to clarify any misunderstanding of questions by the respondent, and the resear ch coordinator also has the opportunity to consume more information on the

Ousmane Sembene Black Girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ousmane Sembene Black Girl - Essay ExampleThe mavens disillusionment drives her to desperation until she eventually decides to commit suicide. The tragic life of Diouana is representative of many African womens lives, who suffer acute neglect and subjugation not only in their home countries, further also in the global context.The films opening sequence introduces one to a channelise docking in harbor in Southern France, with the main character Diouana disembarking from it. The Senegalese woman unexpended her native country to work for a french couple up as their childrens caretaker. One of the maiden points noted is the protagonists need to look for an informal job in France, irrespective of the position that her country is already independent from colonialists. This draws ones attention to the failure of African elite leading to empower their citizens, especially women, who are relegated to the role of domestic workers, instead of being trained formally to discharge fiscal independence. Contrary to Diouanas expectations, her migration to France is not joyous or fulfilling at all. Herexpectation of travelling to France and that of her French employers is completely disjointed and incomplete, which leads her to a silent, withdrawn and gradually depressing existence. The silence is perhaps symbolic of the African womans suppression to the point of being unable to speak her mind or report effectively (Spivak 72-75).After arriving at the high rise apartment in Antibes, France, Diouana is instantly given book of instructions to start cleaning. It becomes apparent that her lifestyle in France, with the French couple is strikingly dissimilar from the one she had with the alike family in Africa. While in Dakar, she wore her native apparel and exposed her natural hair. She also took care of the couples children and did not have to do household chores. However, in France, Diouana puts on a

Models of Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Models of Economics - Research Paper ExampleIts main thoughts argon that free markets are better situated to allocate the scarce resources in any frugality tokenish government or state intervention in the economy is important and works best (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 1981).It contends that the give of money ought to be maintained at equilibrium with money demand. This prevents distortion of the economy by increase money supply, which leads to various evils such as inflation, and excess demand that is not be met by the on hand(predicate) supply.Socialism is an economic system that lies between capitalism and communism. It seeks to redistribute the wealth more equitably through the common ownership of natural resources and key industries such as public utilities and manufacturing industries. The state involves itself in rally planning. Production of goods and provision of services, including their prices and distribution is centrally controlled (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 1981).This economi c model puts emphasis on improving develop nations economies. This economic model focuses on ways to stimulate growth in those countries through enhancing aspects such as education, health, working conditions, market and improving both international and domestic policies and systems. Their focus is to figure out how maturation/poor countries would be changed into thriving ones (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 1981). Since political and social circumstances of various countries vary substantially, tactics for round a poor nation are usually unique and country specific.For example, the government strives to maintain the economy at equilibrium by either controlling or sharing of natural and state resources or controlling money supply in order to avoid economic distortion through increase money supply.John Keynes economic theory is applicable in many economies in the world since it was premier(prenominal) developed. Keynes advocated for the regulation of economies using controlled money supply and

Probation Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Probation swear out - Essay ExamplePresentencing Investigation report is a core source of information used by judges when sentencing. It provides information on personal history as well as whitlow make out of the suspect. This ensures that judges give individualized sentence. Moreover, the report contains information such as the age of defendant, which helps the judge sink on the provide sentence. Furthermore, the report helps the judge to decide if the defendant should serve jail term and the appropriate kind of correction facility to send the defendant (Clear, Cole, & Reisig, 2008).The factors considered in the report include the prior criminal convictions, account of the offense, work history as well vocational information of the defendant, marital and financial stipulation of defendant, educational background, defendant and victims statements, sentencing guidelines and sentencing recommendations. Additional factors considered include the medical, psychiatric, or psychologica l history of the defendant and the explanation of harm suffered by victim. Another factor considered in the report is the defendants likely adjustment in community (Clear, Cole, & Reisig,

Culturally competent nursing care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culturally competent nursing c ar - Essay Examplethough the nurse was a little tough by insisting on the medication which would improve him and indicating that in that respectwas no reason for him not to take it, the patient obliged. She reminded him that this was the protocol in the post operative ward and the patients comfort was foremost in her mind. Her frustrated attitude was because she could not gauge wherefore patients refuse necessary medications which could only benefit them.Deep down in my heart, I could understand wherefore the patient refused to take the medication. The nurse was right in carrying out her duty but she could have apply her knowledge of cultural diversity and respected the patients wishes. The Chinese believe that medications must be a last resort. Many in my country only take them when the pain is unbearable. This idea may seem old-fashioned to the modern world but they work for us.Demographic changes have reflected an increasingly versatile popula tion globally. The immigration of people of varying races, ethnicity and cultures into America has similarly changed the demography. This increasingly multicultural profile of the American population requires that nurses provide culturally competent care in nursing. Leininger (1999) defined transcultural nursing as a formal area of study, research, and practice which focuses on care beliefs based on culture, values and practices to cooperate cultures or subcultures, not just maintain or regain their health system but alike help facing disabilities or death in culturally congruent and beneficial caring slipway (Leininger, 1999).Hospitalized patients and their families are subjected to numerous stresses. If nurses lack cultural awareness and fail to provide culturally competent care, patients are more likely to experience increased stress and inadequate care provided by nurses. The understanding and cooking of culturally competent care by nurses will make a difference to the healt h outcomes of legion(predicate) cultural

Health and Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health and Aging - Essay ExampleThis happens when the size of nonagenarian retired population widens while the working population shrinks at the same time. Therefore, this puts more burden socially and as well as economically. Almost all countries mainly developed, like Australia, Japan and The United States of America, that have man elderly to attach their life expectancy rate by effective public health strategies are either concisely suffering from this enigma or anticipating future concerns over this issue. This change in the population structure has recently became a source for concern and now all the countries are doing whatever they can to deal with this problem as smoothly as possible.According to the Population Division of the United Nations, in 2006 the number of gaga persons (60 years or older) in the world passed 700 million. And it is estimated that by 2050, 2 billion older persons are pass judgment to be living. According to this estimation, in a span of 50 years , the number of old raft in the world will triple in number. The Population Division also gave the increasing rate of the aged people. According to them, the world aged population is increasing at a rate of 2.6 part per year. When compared with the 1.1 percent increase per year in the total population, this increase of 2.6 is noniceably faster. (UN, 2007)The statistics show that this rapid increase in the number of aged people i... As a person plows older, naturally he will become relatively un well-grounded and would definitely be in need of some sort of medical assistance. In America, the health care costs for the older population have risen dramatically. If steps are not taken right now, then, in future, the standard of living and life expectancy rate will surpass greatly. One problem with giving old people health care is that they usually suffer from degenerative diseases which are the result of an unhealthy life style. The cost of curing these diseases is very high. There fore, if these chronic diseases can be avoided, this will not only benefit the person but also the people who were supposed to digest for them. Now the question remains how can these diseases be avoided One way is to maintain a healthy lifestyle in terms of regular exercising, avoiding tobacco and alcohol etc. This includes fashioning people conscious of the importance of this. People need to be health literate but the statistics show that older people who need to be health literate are not. The statistics show that 39% of the people of age 75 or above have below basic health literacy. 23% of the people of ages 65 to 74 and 13% of people ages 50 to 64 have below basic health literacy. Therefore making them aware is very necessary. (NIH, 2008) Another way how this can be avoided and reduced is regular medical run into ups. These measures would either prevent the people from suffering from these chronic diseases or would help in detecting the diseases when it is not too late. Most countries have not yet realized the importance of this. Only a miserable amount of funds are spent on prevention. The challenge for the society is to give people more

Police corruption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

patrol corruption - Research Paper Ex giganticPolice has been vested with enormous powers these powers ar essential for maintaining the rule of law. in time these powers can also be the source of corruption as people are usually at the mercy of the police officers in many circumstances where they have been wronged. People who have been fighting for majority rule and governance regard the issue of fighting police corruption with utmost importance. Police must not only serve the ballpark man but should also be seen as serving the common man. This is essential if basic human rights have to be protected and people have to live in safe and secure environments. When people who have been entrusted with the task of protecting people, engage in corruption themselves it leads to cynicism and whitethorn erode public confidence in democracy. Police corruption is not a standalone issue. It is a occasion of larger systematic problem which is compounded by lack of transparency , absence of che cks and balances and fragile institutions. Although the common perception is always that police corruption is rampant and should be death with an iron hand it is not always possible to do this. The government and the judiciary have to always take sensitivities into account. This paper tries to sire out the different kinds of police corruption that are prevalent and also tries to find out the antecedent to the problem through a systematic method. Understanding Police Corruption In very unprejudiced terms corruption may be defined as the use of public powers in rules of order of magnitude to get personal gains. Police corruption occurs at both the levels on the streets and also behind the scenes in offices. Officers corruption range from petty corruption to collusion with criminals where the look the other way and do not perform their constitutional duties. The extreme end is when police officers themselves take part in criminal activities in order to have financial or other be nefits. Police officers have been vested with enormous powers in order to enforce law. These include the powers to stop, question, search, arrest people and even use lethal force whenever circumstances deteriorate. The primary(prenominal) thing is that police have extraordinary amount of discretion in the exercise of these powers which give ample avenues for corruption. Backroom corruption in the police department does not consist of the use of these powers but involves irregular and felonious practices in the award of contracts, receiving kickbacks for favorable appointments and transfers and negligence in investigations and discipline. This corruption is done by supervisors and senior officers and thereof the amount of money involved is also large. We will analyze each of these cases of corruption in degree here. Petty Individual Corruption Whenever we talk about police corruption to a common man, the most common type of corruption which comes to our minds is traffic police co rruption. This form of corruption may be restrain din developed countries but is extremely prevalent in every developing country. Some countries are so notorious for traffic police corruption that whenever a person is stopped for police checking he assumes that he will have to cough up. Other forms of petty corruption include extorting regular payments from market vendors, asking people to pay money for

Macro and Microeconomic Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro and Microeconomic Evaluation - Essay Example jibe to the newsprint the deal is a positive economic incentive since to bring about positive appearance to me because it rewards people financially for making certain choices and behaving in a particular way. On March 2013, the prices of burger among other fast food products augmented due to increase in the price and tight fork out of beef. The change in price affected the demand for hamburger, its substitute and complementary products. With $10, a consumer purchased four realm beef hamburger, which was enough for a family with two children. In retrospect, the increase in the price of beef do the family with $10 only to afford two hamburgers. The effect was experienced in almost all households, which leads to a decline in quantity demanded since the income does not change correspondingly and in response to the price increase.This paper highlights that the price change caused a disincentive to purchase a hamburger and people, i ncluding me shifted from hamburgers to a chub domain turkey. Despite my preference to the hamburger, the price change, without a corresponding change to income made me purchase fewer hamburgers. In this perspective, the quantity of hamburger that I demand for the month decreased. It means my consumption pattern changed from consuming 15 hamburgers per month to relatively ten hamburgers. I could not take this for long, so I had to abandon the liking for a hamburger and shift to cheap ground turkey. The behavior for consuming ground turkey changed from cipher to 17-ground turkey per month.

Software Risk and Risk management Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Softwargon Risk and Risk concern Failure - Essay ExampleThe risks that pose a threat collectible to some physical or structural flaw or damage are relatively easier to mitigate and eliminate as their causes are easily found. But certain risks are faced on routine basis and people make so used to them that after a while these risks stop being taken as a threat. Also certain risk handling situation depend upon the person facing the risk his decisiveness at that moment. Certain risks are ignored or overlooked more commonly than others. At the snip of meeting the user requirements are misunderstood by the developer due to certain barriers of communication which can expiry in an inadequate software requirement because client wasnt able to convey his requirements properly and the developer worked on them thinking that these requirements were what the client wanted. Also no proper identification of key comp wholenessnts so that they are develop as separate parts and merged as units t o form a complete software. This technique is cooperative in many ways. A follow up with client is necessary to mitigate this threat and victimization the key components identification technique developer can easily identify which software component deviates from requirements. Inefficient coding is also a issue that the software functions correctly but its speedperformance to calculate or perform operation it was designed for is slow. While coding it should be made clear by the determine manager to programmers that code is optimized for eg a small chunk of inefficient code doesnt show privation of performance but when hundreds of thousands of such lines of code accumulate the result is under performing software. One of the major(ip) and most commonly overlooked software risk is the security risk. While developing a software for a company the security controls implemented are quite vulnerable. These vulnerability as often not noticed and employees can freely chafe data and entro py of other departments or tamper the information as well. This is a major risk which is overlooked quite a lot of time do major losses. To reduce this risk and chances of such misuse Controlled access should be given to employees and hierarchy of access should be formed. Some other risks that are overlooked include softwares which are developed on one platform or system function incorrectly on some other platforms or systems. This is due to hardcoded development specific system types which is good for systems with similar configuration as it will perform up to the mark on them but for systems with different configuration itll be a hindrance. Writing a negotiable code so that changes can be accumulated if such situation is faced will be helpful. Also when developing a software it should be kept in mind that technology is reservation advancement at an exponential pace and users are also shifting to newer technology. So keeping this situation in mind the software be flexible to ac commodate upgrades. DQ2-Risk management failure Why do companies fail at risk management? In responding to the question, draw from your own experiences, the text, the topic notes, the additional readings, and/or any additional sources that you research and cite. The main reason for companies failing at risk management is the privation of contingency planning, training of employees and no proper company document or policy detailing a line of action if certain risk is identified. The requirement for risk management becomes higher for those companies where continuous path of operation

Immigration, Politics and Policy Contribution Assignment

Immigration, Politics and Policy division - Assignment ExampleThis proposal favors the Latino portion of the population who make up the highest number of immigrants from Mexico, merely the government should consider many underlying factors, including the reasons for in-migration and the effects on the United States resources. This paper leave alone state an overview of reasons to consider when formulating an immigration policy then propose a possible policy neuter and implementation plan using the fifth and sixth steps Janssons policy plan respectively (Jansson, 2010).According to Guyette, Tavalin and Rooker (2012), the United States has historically attempted to control illegal immigration into the country by transit restrictive policies and increasing border security. These approaches have failed if the ongoing debate for and against illegal immigrants is gouged. Data concerning illegal immigration is mostly hypothetical since transactions concerning immigrants are mostly not recorded in any functionary documents. For instance, Barnes (2010) in his opinion claims that it costs each native household $ 1,117, per annum to support illegal immigrants, totaling to $113 billion a year for the whole nation. The influx of illegal immigration cases can be traced to a myriad of reasons, further the main cause, in my opinion, is the governments inefficiency in enforcing its policies on immigration.Therefore, the country needs to refrain from a complete overhaul of policies and ensure enforcement of policies to reduce illegal immigration. The country can adopt a constant policy that can be monitored and improved continuously. Any policy proposal change should ensure score for all the positive and negative aspects of immigration, by being fair to illegal immigrants if the merits of having them in the country outperform the disadvantages. An effective policy should contribute positively to various aspects of theUnited States society. It should be implemented and assessable.

State of Personal Computers Market in the UK Assignment

State of Personal Computers Market in the UK - Assignment ExampleIn other words, the take-away PC must not necessarily have big memory or storage space since it can retrieve data from the centric server within the company (Gillam, 2010). Several companies adopted this technology, thereof additiond sale of the portable PC just reduced sales of desktops. A good VDI network may comprise of at least one desktop with over 70 portable PC dep closinging on the size of the company. Other clouding technology also followed and led to a further enlarge in sales of portable PCs. The graph below shows a non-uniform decrease in PCs prices as season (in years) advances. Increase in PCs producing firms There have been increases in the number of mobile PC companies venturing into the market. These include Samsung which make laptops, net books, notebooks, tablets and mini laptops among other portable PCs. Apple manufactures iMacs and iPhones among other portable PCs. These products had advanc ed and efficient applications and specifications that later on attracted more customers. Majority shipped their desktops to developing nations while some were treated as electronic wastes. The younger generations were compelled to buy the portable the portable gadgets since they have social media applications like twitter, Facebook and Skype among other applications. The products also came in smaller sizes but attractive shapes and colors to attract more customers (Bradley, 2005). The aspect of compatibility also enhanced increased demand for the products. ace can easily connect his/her portable information processing system with the sound system or flat covering fire televisions for entertainment purpose. The companies have stiff competition with regular advancement of the portable computers which has kept the demand on a steady growing trend, since majority dump or ship their... This paper offers a statewide theoretic economic analysis of high price elasticity of the demand for personal computers in the UK market. In the 2007, the market of personal computers in the UK recorded an estimated net worth of 12.27 billion USD. This increased to 12.81 billion USD in the year 2008 (4.4 % increase). The market PC market continued to depreciate to about 11.77 billion USD by the end of the year 2009. However, the same report indicates the market worth was on a growing trend from 2005 until 2008, from which the PC market worth started depreciating.There are several factors that boosted the increase in the PC market worth betwixt 2005 and 2008. Several companies register an increase in sales of portable or mobile personal computers. The accession of the portable PC in the markets attracted more customersThe law of demand and supply states the demand will increase as the price decreases and other factors held constant. However, this economic principle does not apply in the personal computer business. Since 2005, the price for the personal computers has been on a falling trend despite continuous growth in demand.Different markets have different demand, price and supply relations depending on the prevailing economic spot as well as the countries demographic characteristics among some factors. Different nations also have different policies or legislations to control its business. The aspect of a global description of the elastic curve with respect to the personal computers is a challenge.

Secularism in British Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Secularism in British Society - Essay exercisingFor centuries in Britain, monarchs ruled by Crown and Church. There is also the belief that the pope is the god on earth and must have supreme authority over the state. The pope has the right to depose the poof throughout the ages. Around the year 1900, English plenty believed in social progress. Public drunkenness became rare and alcoholism ceased to be an accepted fact of private life. Lit successioncy became nearly universal, sanitation and diet improved at every level of society. pack put great effort into staying clean, and governments built infrastructure that enormously change magnitude the availability of water to common people. Wages nearly doubled in a generation(Himmelfarb and Knopf 1995). Britain was so powerful empire with colonies. She was rich commercially as well as in military. It was the era of speedy industrialization and urbanization.On the second half of 19th century, Britain was on the verge of moral and soci al analyse. The country was in chaotic condition. Himmelfarb and Knopf noted that society was riddled with class and racial prejudices that most people today would find gruesome. There was economic crisis, poverty, ignorance and diseases. Crime was so common that they even have to impart criminals to other state such as Australia. Furthermore, cities were growing in an almost unregulated fashion as the impoverished peasantries were driven off the land. The government was so corrupt even making the parliament as the tool of aristocratic factions. There was a sense of moral degradation in the state. Many professed to be Christians yet denying its true essence. Poor workers were asked to work for long hours at low wages. The society was separated from the apparitional world and religion becomes a personal matter. The idea of the sacred that was long a tradition was lost. People were increasingly concerned on achieving worldly things for personal gains. Secularization has progressive ly pervaded Britain. Theocracy ceased to have influence or authority on the Englishmens social and semipolitical life. Religion lost its role in shaping political and social policies. It has become even irrelevant to the lives of ordinary people. Levels of Christian observance are even congruous lower than they used to be. The good Victorian values people used to follow were viewed as absolute and hypocritical, and gathered too much intellectual reaction.This cultural change could be traced back to the age of enlightenment. It was the era of philosophy and intellect as well as scientific and cultural development that promoted reason as the prime source and rightful for authority. It gradually created a crisis of faith in Britain. Some of these newly-bred philanthropists were non-believers. Some escaped churches rejected some traditionally known doctrine such as the doctrine of Hell. There was general absence at churches, which they normally do every Sunday.

Adopting Children by Same Sex Parent Essay Example for Free

Adopting Children by Same Sex get up EssayPeople in society say that everyone is rival, they own equal right and freedom. However in case of learning children, citizenry believe that equivalent elicit p atomic number 18nts be abnormal to call foring children. Some people in society against them to adopting un little there are many a(prenominal) equivalent call down couples who are seeking to adopt children. The researcher of homointimateity found that many people still do non reveal their inner taste to others.Also, corresponding sex couples are non acceptable from somewhat people in society, jibe to www. gay-adoption. s. On the contrast, some people believe that same sex adoption is normal and it should be acceptable, check to the right human campaign, a national gay and lesbian advocacy group. Although there are many people against same sex couple to adopting children, same sex couples should be allowed to adopt children because they have equal rights and they can be levelheaded parents for a child who lacks love and home. Moreover, children in the United State of the States and many countries around the world are waiting for adoption.There are close to 520,000 children in welfare, harmonise to the North American Council on Adoptable Children in St. Paul. In addition there have 120,000 are available for adoption, but only 50,000 find permanent homes each year. However, although same sex couples want to adopt children, they are against by straight parents for several reasons including it is unnatural to allowed same sex to be a parent, same sex parents cannot buy the farm stability to children and almost people believed that only straight parents can be true parents. Firstly, it is unnatural to allow pederastic couples to be a parent.They cannot be faithful parents. Also, it is not safe for children to croak with same sex parents. The best environment for well- existence of children is a household with a mother and initiat e because children should have a role model. Adopting by same sex parents can effects to children. For instance, children who is raised in a homosexual household are significantly more likely to be homosexual themselves because they have only one role model in one sex activity, and get involved in homosexual behavior than children raised in heterosexual households, fit in to a research in the US (University of Illinois rectitude Review, 1997).In a study published in the January 1996 issue of Developgenial Psychology, London researchers Susan Golombok and Fiona Tasker found that it riskiness for children that live with same sex parents. However, the sexual orientation of parents has no influence on the sexual orientation of their children and that children of lesbian and same sex parents are not more likely than any other children to farm up to be homosexual, correspond to Children of gay fathers, Gay and Lesbian Parents (p. 9-57) In addition, children can manage their manner to be what they want to be by themselves, however they are raised by homosexual parents but it is not determine that they may have the same behavior as their same sex parents. Moreover, same sex parents can give a responsibility and love to children as well as a heterosexual because they are a human who can teach and give love to a child. As such, it would be wrong to deny same sex parents to adopt children.Also, good parenting is not controlled by sexual orientation, same sex parents can support children and give love to them that show they can be a good parent same as a heterosexual. Secondly, the reason why people believe same sex parents should not be allowed to adopt is stability, so it is important in raising an emotionally and mentally healthy child. The way to children grow up happily may need a role model, so children need a role model of both genders that are male and female in ready to develop a properly. If children raise in homosexual household, it influence to childre n will lacks information of other gender.Childrens primary role models are his or her parents that cause bringing a heterosexual up in a homosexual household can gives children a misrepresented view of sexuality. Homosexual couples simply cannot give the stability that heterosexual parents can give to children. Although most people believe that bringing a heterosexual child up by same sex parents give them a distorted view of sexuality, some babies are born with a predisposition to homosexuality and their upbringing will not affect their sexuality. near of homosexuals couples do not want to force children to be homosexual like them.According to Major associations of mental health professionals in the United stated of America, same sex parents are not an unfit and fitted as heterosexual parents that they lead children are as happily, healthy and well adjusted as a child who is raised by heterosexual parents. In addition, a studies shows that children raised by single heterosexual p arents have more difficulties than children who have same sex parents. Moreover the study shows that children did better in moderation, self-esteem, and had less psychosocial difficulties at home and at school, according to the study of Same-Sex Parents Raise Well-Adjusted Kids.The last reason is wide agreed that only heterosexual parents can be a good parent and they are abstract to give love, warm, and home to children. Children should have opportunities to thrive in heterosexual parents with a mother and father base family. Heterosexual parents are the best because a child should be raised in loving, well-disciplined homes where children have good role models from their heterosexual parents, also avoiding children grow up to be a homosexual, according to study of gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents.In addition, avoiding from criminal because homosexuals are more likely to ravish children, such as rape them. It is danger to childrens l ife and causes many troubles to society. However, there are about 500,000 children in welfare nationally in the United state and about 100,000 children need to be adopted. So it is shows thousands of children lacks a permanent home and lacks love from parents, according to the statistics of the study of critical shortage of adoptive and bring up parents in the United States.If they are only allowed heterosexual parents in adoption, the child who lives in foster portion out will lacks family and as in Florida more than 2,000 children in welfare are waiting for adoption according to the state of Floridas statistics. In addition, there are not enough heterosexual parents who are enkindle in adoption and foster care. There are some arguments of adopting children by same sex parents because most people feel that only traditional homes with a father and a mother are take away and have equal right as heterosexual parents to adopt children, according to issue about facts on gay adoption .However, society is change that leads everyone has equal rights. Therefore same sex parents are human being who should be allowed to adopt children. All people should have equal rights because the child in same sex family appear to be normal, and also same sex parents are not appear to harm child, according to Homosexuality and Family Relations. If homosexual parents can support their children, same sex couples can be as good parents as heterosexual parents. As such, same sex parents are the same as other people who can support children, such as, they give love to children, pay taxes, go to work.It shows that being homosexual is not a mental disorder. In addition, nowadays there are thousands children have no permanent homes, and they are waiting for adoption. It is shows that same sex parents are one of those who help children to have love and home. Therefore, people should not determine only about sexuality of those who want to adopt children. As Mary Bonauto of Boston-based same sex couples Avocates and defenders said that, Sexual orientation is not the issue, ability of parent is issue.

Outline & Evaluate the Functionalist Approach to Crime & Deviance Essay Example for Free

Outline Evaluate the Functionalist fire to annoyance Deviance EssayThis question includes assessment of your understanding of the connections between crime and deviance and sociological theory.Functionalist explanations of deviance begin with partnership as a whole looking for the origins of deviance in the record of society, not the biological or psychological make up of an individual. Functionalists favour quantative methods to look at society, victimisation statistics to see society as a whole, rather than looking at the individuals effect on society.The absolute majority of Functionalists ideas on crime derive from the work of Durkheim. Durkheim believes that crime in inevitable beca practise not every instalment of society shares the same values and norms every society has crime, particularly the most advanced industrial societies. Crime is seen as not only inevitable, but functional to society because it allows for change, which is vital for society to function. D urkheim argues that crime brings society together, as in the case of the Soham murders. From this point of view it can be questioned what the function of penalization is, Durkheim believes punishment is a form of social control and act as a signal to people. A.K Cohen developed Durkheims ideas make headway, providing further possible functions of deviance. Firstly deviance can act as a safety valve providing an expression of discontent.Cohen uses the utilization of prostitution, he believes this protects the institution of the family and provides a release from the stress of family life without undermining family stability because the relationship between violate and client has no emotional attachments. In other words it is fine for a man to use a prostitute, but not to have an affair because that would jeopardise the family Cohen believes that deviance acts as a pattern device too indicate that an aspect of society is malfunctioning, thus drawing attention to it and allowing t he problem to be resolved. An example of this is the Los Angeles riots that drew attention to the mistreatment of blacks, likewise the Steven Lawrence case.Durkheim and Cohens work is important because it moved ideas away from biological and psychological explanations for deviance, rather seeing it being society itself creating crime. However, other sociologists believe the functions are too narrow and contour differences are not examined.

Tourism and Hospitality Industry Essay Example for Free

Tourism and Hospitality assiduity Essay globalisation refers to the increments in the relationships of the people, industries, culture and sundry(a) activities of economy. The term Globalization refers to the economics and all the globe- entire distribution of the production of goods and service which ultimately reduces the barriers of inter matter trade like export fees, import quotas and various other(a) tariffs, Cowen (2003). The Globalization has contributed to the appendage of economy in a enormous manner. The internationalization substantiate accompanied to economic victimisation in developed and developing countries through increase specialization and the principle of comparative advantage. Globalization means the transnational change between the ideas, languages, and popular culture of assorted nations and countries so as to increase the diversity in the economy and enhance the outgrowth of economy. It is argued that the decrease in the inter- heathenish co ntact will increase the possibility of international and intra-national conflict. According to Shoa (2002), the globalisation furbish ups the cordial reception patience in prospect to the national as well as international hotel and holidaymakerry attention as a new occurrence. Actually, in that respect atomic number 18 more hotels which are dealing with the international players even in the eighties.However, these days, the phenomenon has acquire so jet that rough companys claim fifty percent of their profits will emanate from strange companies, Pimentel (2008). The major factor behind the higher impact of globalization is that the hospitality sector has attracted international hotels into unknown countries and they are exploring the efficient and cost effective methods of doing profession. The economies of scale are not just a conjectural phenomenon. it equally works in the hospitality sector and has readable impact of globalization on the same. The hotels have r ealized that the larger they become the lower their production costs and the higher their profit margins. Besides that, the chore within the constancy will take their business to overseas and they rear end tap the unexplored markets that would neer have been reached in topical anesthetic anesthetic markets. Another reason that has increased the impact of globalization and has also increased the propensity for globalization within hospitality industry is increasing competition within local markets.Consequently, in order to expand their respective businesses, the hotels and tourismindustries have started exploring the untapped markets and at that placefore, the globalization have started impacting the growth and advantageousness of the overall hospitality sector. However, it is necessary to look for the new markets as the increasing numbers of players in this industry are increasing the internationalism and competition within the hospitality industry. According to McAlister ( 2005), it is also likely that at that place are so many competitors which are now entering into new markets because they will allure the global brands.In contract to local brands, international markets would have to tailor their brands to suite specific conditions in the local market. However, with increasing talk about global brands, now international hotels can market their services to a wide array of consumers who happen to be agents of globalization themselves. Most of the consumers are multi ethnic in this scenario and perpetually aspect for ways to spark themselves and their resources easily across various parts of the world, Dreher (2008). In this case, the main touch on of study is to get the understanding of the impact of globalization on hospitality and tourism sector industries.For this case, on that point has to be geographical location on which the whole study can be d iodine and upgrade geographical depth psychology will be based on the same. The location which is chosen for the case is India which is a country in South Asia, Roger (2004). The economy of India is the ninth-largest economy by nominal GDP in the world and fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. According to Smith (2009), the reason for choosing India for this case is that it has genuinely stead unfluctuating growth rate of economy and is considered a newly industrialized country. However, it also has so many challenges such(prenominal) as poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and inadequate public health.PEST analysisThe concern of the study relates to the impact of Globalization on the hospitality and tourism industry and for the same concern, it is necessary to do the PEST analysis which stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes the conceptual framework which is used for the macro environmental factors and the environmental factors can be analyzed for the strategic management, Cowen (2003). The external analysis can be easily done by the PEST analysis and the overview of the differentmacro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration has to be done for the betterment of the organization. It is considered to be as a very good strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations.PEST analysis of hospitality sectorThe hospitality industry is very chief(prenominal) to analyze as the hospitality sector includes a broad category of restaurants, hotels, event planning, transportation, cruise line, and so many additional fields. This particular industry is a very growing sector and has a considerable contribution to the economy, Jeffrey (2005).The unit of hospitality such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement put consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations, management, market, and human resources which need to be maintained for the betterment of services. The productivity of the pe ople as well as the location has to be im prove for the overall growth of the organization, McGrew(2001).Political Environment . The Political environment refers to the various government policies related to the particular sector which can affect the service and hospitality sector such as the degree of intervention in the economy. The hotel industry as well as tourism industry has a basic backbone of the government support, Ross (2006). The wide amount of taxes has been charged by the government for the different category of hotels and therefore it has a huge impact with the political changes that occur. Any small step taken by the government by changing some law it would seriously affect hotel as well as the tourism industry.Economicthe economic factors relates to the saki rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. In the recent past, the people are willing to patch up large amount of money for the services they get and the more the guests pay the mo re would the hotel and the industry would thrive ,John (2009) as the paying power of the people or customers will increase, the need for the good and luxurious hotels become massive. The economy of India has faced one of the most minimal drops in the whole worldand it has helped the hotel to get hard on the foreign travellers which had reduced and the local market being stable was much of a second-stringer to the Indian Hotel Industry. .SocialThe social factor refers to the changes in social trends as it impacts the demand for the products of the company as well as the availability and willingness of individuals to work with the particular organization, Suryadinata (2000) As the social factor influences the people up to the certain extent which includes the culture and various other social factors within the society. .TechnologicalThere are so many softwares which are used for the management of hotel within the hospitality industry and the standards of the hotel has to match with the technology standards of the industry, Jeffrey (2010). The Hotel management software and technologies used have to match the subsequent level of market and industry. As the technology also reduces the manpower and decreases the cost to the company. So, the technology up gradation has always been proved as a boon to the people and the increased productivity of the organization, For example If a hotel used the printed KOT and BOT and the stewards had to project it themselves to each of the departments. It could be substituted with the direct computerized sending of KOT and BOT to the kitchen or the Bar. In India, tourism is considered to be as one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and there are so many countries which are put in the tourism sector for the expansion of industry, Pimentel (2008).On the other hand, while conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problems. In recent years, there is an a rgument about the sustainability of the tourism industry and the sustainable development to bring together national and local governments, the tourism industry, trade unions and activist groups to realize this goal, Chapman (2009). It has been also considered that the global tourism industry can be propelled towards sustainability which underpins the drive towards globalization. There are so many countries which are facing burdens and worsening trade because of thetourism industry and the various agencies working on the international basis such as institution Bank, World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) are also involved in the matter of concern for the growth and development of tourism industry and enhance the global figurehead of the tourism industry, Bruce (1992).However, tourism is often viewed by critics as an extension of former colonial conditions as it has supported and benefitted the international relations of economics whereas it favours the advanced capitalistic countries in the North, Turner (2009). Therefore, it has been believed that there are unequal trading relationships and a trend of dependency on the foreign interests, and the division of labour which ultimately relates to the poor countries in the South to becoming tourism recipients and monied countries in the North to the position of tourism generators. According to the WTTC, there are some certain reasons for the presence of the travel and tourism which includes the following key areas * The government should accept the travel and tourism industry as a strategic economic development and employment priority* There has to be a move towards the open and competitive markets which supports the technological advancements and activities and at the same time, the liberalization of air transport and deregulate telecommunications in international markets * The barriers for the growth of tourism has to be eliminated and at the same time, the expansion and improvement of infrastructure has to be do ne for the growth of the tourism industry in a better manner such as development in the increase of airport capacity, construction and modernization of airports, roads and various other tourist facilities Friedman (2008) In many developed and developing countries, more than two-thirds of the revenue comes from international tourism and now a days, the policies of free trade and investment have been launched for the better liquidity in the market , Smith (2006).The globalization and liberalization of tourism will also bring wealth, progress, social achievements and improved environmental standards. It is also pregnant that the global guidelines could also have the devastating consequences for local and indigenous communities which are based on the social, cultural and ecological manner. The propensity of the tourism industry towards the unrestricted growth and its commoditization of indigenous cultures must be accept as clearly unsustainable to the industry.The principles of thetou rism are made not only because it is heavily overshadowed by regime of global players but also, the main concern is that the guidelines are to be adopted by the advocates of sustainable tourism at the level of internationalism and the topic remains vague. The tourism industry is overly euphemistic, Tainter (1996). On the other hand, where the companies related to tourism have scrapped or postponed potentially harmful projects, people should know and acknowledge that the projects are scrapped because of the financial crunch, public and private investments in the cut of environmental protection. Moreover, the overall crisis has also resulted in an bang of crime and so many social vices related to tourism industry.Overall effects of GlobalizationGlobalization has so many aspects which have their considerable impact on the industry in so many different ways such as Industrial The emergence of worldwide production markets and a wide access to the international products for the compani es as well as consumers. These are particularly related to the movement of hearty and goods for the national boundaries , Vierich (2008). Financial The emergence of the financial markets and the wide access to the financial markets and the overall access to the external financing for borrowers is important and at the same time, the structures have been grown at a very fast pace than any transnational regulatory regime. Competition The emergence of the global market have compound the productivity of the people and increased competition in the market, Graham (2011) Therefore, the market is becoming worldwide and there are so many companies in the hospitality industry which needs to upgrade their products and utilize the technology skilfully in order to face increased competition.Ecological The challenges of the global environmental challenges which can be solved by the international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution etc. As there are so many companies which are developed in the countries which have very less environmental regulation, globalism and free trade may increase pollution, Barber (2003). Cultural The overall growth of cross-cultural diversity in the global world can enhance the advent of new categories of intelligence and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, in the different categories of people.There is a desire which has been developed to raise the standard of life history of people within the country and the new technologies have been adopted and the people are participating in a world culture for the proper transformation of the culture, Dreher (2008). The multiculturalism has to be speeded so as to access the cultural diversity, Gordon (2004). There are some people who may consider the cultural diversity as a danger, since it may supplant the local culture. But there are also some people who consider the multiculturalism to promote peace and understanding between peoples.ConclusionThe globa lization has their own benefits and effects on the hospitality industry and the other industries as well. The economies of scale are also equally affected as on the larger market base. And this particular reason cannot be ignored as there are hemorrhoid of further problems which come after the same problem. The further problems can be intercultural difference, organizational structure and looking for investors. The above mentioned problems can be addressed through intercultural understanding, mixing vertical and horizontal organizational structures and marketing homogenous products to investors within the hospitality industry.

One Way Analysis of Variance Essay Example for Free

One Way Analysis of Variance analyzeOne-way Analysis of Variance(Abbreviated one-way ANOVA) is a technique used to compare cockeyeds of dickens or more than samples (using the F distribution). This technique basin be used only for numerical data. It consists of a single factor with several levels and multiple observations at each level. With this kind of layout we can calculate the mean of the observations within each level of our factor. The residuals will tell about the variation within each level. It can also average the means of each level to obtain a grand mean. And then expect at the deviation of the mean of each level from the grand mean to understand something about the level effects. Finally, can compare the variation within levels to the variation across levels. Hence the name analysis of variance. apply to determine whether there are any significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups. It tests the null hypothesis that s amples in two or more groups are drawn from populations with the uniform mean values. And compares the means between the groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are significantly different from each other.FormulaF= q MSBMSWWhere F = Fishers RatioK = name of ColumnsN = Total Number of itemsMSB= SSBK-1MSW= SSWN-K sides of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th social class EHS students towards their estimator subjectAttitude Year Average Weighted Mean Rank 1st 2nd 3rd 4th excogitate regularly 3.44 3.37 3.50 3.56 3.47 9Regularly exercise the skills 3.73 3.88 3.65 3.58 3.71 6.5 Listen attentively during class discussion 3.62 3.71 3.67 3.85 3.71 6.5 Always do the assignment without hesitation 3.63 3.73 3.83 3.75 3.75 5 Always work on projects without hesitation 3.94 4.10 4.12 4.00 4.04 2 Enjoy the active activity 4.13 4.38 4.06 4.25 4.21 1 Search and use other reckoner reference 3.83 3.83 3.54 3.92 3.78 4 Always pick out down notes during discussion 3.67 3.67 3.77 4.04 3.79 3 Ask questions whenever the topic is unclear 3.37 3.38 3.54 3.63 3.48 8 Likeability of the subject 2.98 3.62 3.12 3.25 3.24 10 marvellous Means 3.63 3.77 3.68 3.79 3.72The table shows the summary of the attitudes of the EHS students towards their computer subject. Having computed the Average Weighted Means, Rank 1 is indicator f, which is I enjoy our hands-on activities with an average mean of 4.21. The Last rank goes to indicator j, which is I like my computer subject, with an average mean of 3.24. This indicates that the EHS students do not like their computer subject. Though the third year likes their computer subject, they are only a fraction of the whole which do not like their computer subject. This further indicates that the students manifest positive attitude towards their computer subject because of the grand weighted mean of 3.72. This signifies that steady though they do not like their computer subject, they still manifest positive attitude for they attain the majority of the indicators.ReferenceAnonymous.August 23,2013.One-way analysis of variance. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_analysis_of_variance Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-way ANOVA. https//statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-anova-statistical-guide.php Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-Way ANOVA. http//www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/ppc/section2/ppc231.htm

Mixed-sex education Essay Example for Free

Mixed-sex education EssayCoeducation, also known as Mixed-sex education, is the incorporated education of male and female persons in the same institution under same roof. Most of the fourth-year institutions of higher education were reserved for the male students but now changed their policies to become coeducational. The first co educational institute of higher education was Oberlin College in United States, which was established in 1833. In 1844, Hillsdale College became the second college to reserve mixed-sex classes to four-year degree programs.The University of Iowa became the first coeducational public or state university in the United States in 1855. We maintain co education in many of our universities, a few colleges and some English type schools. It is broadly speaking not available in most of our degree colleges up to intermediate level. Co education gives reusable training to boys and girls to work together. While studying side by side in different classes, they apprehend to co operate for common aims and purposes. After completing their education, they batch easily join different professions together.They notify work together for common national aims and scientific research centres. Co education is good as it develops self confidence. Boys and girls studying together can discuss their subjects and can help each other in understanding them well. Co education can make boys and girls competitive with each other in studies. two can try to learn more and do better in discussions and examinations. Co education can save some institutions and can save money and in such a developing agricultural like Pakistan.At present, Pakistani govt. is not in the position to afford electricity for separate institutions for girls. Yet, co education has some disadvantages. First, it is totally against our religion. The system of co-education is not good in the Islamic States of the world. This system has been produced by the non-Muslim states. The concept of Hijab is not there, but in our religion Islam, Hijab (parda) is clearly ordered as presented in the dedicated Quran in Surah Nisa.Meeting, talks, relations and other non-islamic tasks between the males and females (Muslim na-mahram) is prohibited in Islam. A famous Hadith, When a na- mahram man and woman are standing alone, the third one is evil (Ebleese) among them. Finally, I will solve that coeducation has some advantages as well as disadvantages. It is necessary to make a proper use of co education in our institutions of higher learning. It is possible to get the benefits of co education and avoid most of the disadvantages.

A key issue that was faced by the New Testament Church Essay Example for Free

A winder issue that was faced by the New Testament Church EssayExamine a place issue that was faced by the New Testament Church (Prostitution). Could these arguments used in the first degree centigrade be used by the Church of today for this problem?Prostitution is the performance of familiar acts solo for the purpose of material gain. Persons vilify themselves when they grant favours to others in exchange for money, gifts or other payments and in so doing use their bodies as commodities. In legal terms, the word prostitute refers nonwithstanding to those who engage overtly in such(prenominal) sexual-economic transactions, usually for a specific sum of money. Prostitutes may be of either sex, hardly end-to-end history, the majority have been women, reflecting twain the traditional socio-economic dependence of women and the tendency to exploit female person sexuality.Although prostitution has a great deal been characterised as the worlds oldest profession, the concept of women as position, which prevailed in approximately centuries until the end of the nineteenth century, meant that the profits of the profession most often ended up in the hands of the men who controlled it. Men have traditionally been characterised as procurers and customers, unless during the latter half of the twentieth century, they are increasingly being identified as prostitutes themselves, who more than often than non serve male customers and sometimes impersonate women.The Torah (Law) had unforesightful to say on the subject of secular prostitution. It prohibited parents from dedicating their children as sacred prostitutes, but there is nonhing to tell us whether its authors would have objected equally to the ideas of a master making his slave-woman a secular prostitute or even a father doing so with his daughter.There are two references to secular prostitution in the Old Testament, which offer any enlarge as to how it was regarded. In both cases, an individual women is understood to have chosen this course of action on her own and thereby brought disgrace on her father. In one passage, a priests daughter who plays the harlot is condemned to be burned for having profaned her father (Leviticus 219). One may think that she is part of her fathers household, either as not yet married or as a divorced or widowed woman. Her occupation threatens the state of purity vital to the household, since its food comes largely from the altar of the temple.In Deuteronomy (2213-21) a man charges that his wife was not found to be a virgin on her wedding night. If this were true, she would be stoned for having contend the harlot in her fathers house. In other words, she has engaged in sexual intercourse when she ought to have been guarding her virginity carefully in order to be a suitable bride.In the process, she has exposed her father to shame of having reprobate her state in negotiating her marriage. It is not clear from the passage that she actually receives payment for her services the point take cares to be, rather, that she has deprived her father and her cycloramaive husband of their rights in her. What was wrong with prostitution, from the perspective of ancient Israel, was not so oftentimes the giving or receiving of payment for sexual intercourse as it was the removal of sexual intercourse from the poser of property and hierarchy which normally contained it and ensured that it was placed at the service of the family.Such an interpretation is made hardcore in a more extensive critique of prostitution found in Proverbs. After process of monition the reader against the wiles of the loose woman, the author contrasts the positive ideal of possessing a wife with a negative prospect of wasting ones resources on a courtesan (Proverbs 515-23).Having said that, one cannot treat wisdom writings as if it were the same genre as legislation. It is clear that Proverbs agrees with the Torah in understanding prostitution, as viola tion to Gods will, not merely as something to be avoided for prudential reasons. Still, the justification offered for the prohibition is intrusive as to the ethical exemplar in which the prohibition itself belonged. Prostitution was wrong because it stood outside the normal patriarchal system in which the male head of the household owned one or more women as sexual partners. As such, it imperil the interests of the family. The man might feel that he had received full value for his expense, but the family gained nothing at all from his patronising of the prostitute. His action, therefore was a betrayal of his responsibilities, since he existed not to gratify his own desires but to maintain and enhance the fortunes of his fathers house.What the Torah and Proverbs agree upon then is the condemnation of those who place personal gratification ahead of family duty. The Torah condemns the unmarried woman who prefers sexual pleasure above her obligations as a good daughter of the househo ld who must(prenominal) preserve her marriageability, which is, indeed the familys investment in her. Proverbs condemns the man who spends family resources on private pleasure. He should marry a woman and be content with the sexual pleasure he receives from her. Proverbs was concerned to patch up the prostitute telephone set as unscrupulous and unattractive as possible. The Torah was speaking to the woman who was trying to behave as an unconnected individual in pursuit of pleasure while still remaining under the protection of her father. accord to the Torah, prostitution, though a slightly less serious crime than adultery, was wrong insofar as it represented the triumph of individual gratification over against the principle of subordination to the family.The matter of prostitution receives very little attention from the Gospel writers, but it appears in a significant pronouncement of Jesus. The tax income collectors and the prostitutes, he said, were entrance the Kingdom of G od ahead of respectable religious leaders (chief priests and elders) because they believed the preaching of tail the Baptist (Matt 2123-32). Since John preached repentance (Matt 32) one may suspect that prostitutes ceased to be such when they came to believe the message. It proves grueling, however, to be certain. The tax collectors presumably did not cease to be tax collectors (In Luke 191-10, the tax collector Zacchaeus, upon his conversion, gave half of his property to the poor and made amends to those he has defrauded). A prostitute would have found it singularly difficult to emerge from her low place in the community.We know little about them in Jewish times. In the contemporary Gentile world, however, most of them were slaves, who could not legally abandon their status. Even free prostitutes, if poor, would have had only the most limited of options, since they would not have been acceptable as wives. Our own presuppositions, then, may perhaps tell whether we think of these women as giving up prostitution or not. Luke 736-50 sees Jesus anointed by a public sinner. While she is not labelled as a prostitute, it is one conclusion that could be perchance said about her.Jesus accepts her intentions, contrasts them favourably with those of her host, the Pharisee, and finally says, Her sins, many as they are, are forgiven because she has loved more than (747). This does not tell us what Jesus preferred prostitutes to do, but it does suggest that he did not make grace conditional on prostitutes escaping her place in society. The most significant thing is that Jesus held them up to the religious leadership as a model of repentance for them to follow, thus implying that the respectable are not un exchangeable the prostitutes in respect to sin. Since Jesus held them up as a religious example, we may injection that although he took prostitution to be ethically wrong, he followed the example of Proverbs in appointing blame to the man who visited the prostitute m ore than to the prostitute herself.capital of Minnesota has little to say about sexual ethics in his main doctrinal statement, the Epistle to the Romans, except the forceful identification of sexual immorality with humanities alienation from God (Romans 124-27). However, in his letters to the other churches he is forced to address the topic because of the behaviour of certain individuals in those churches, particularly at Corinth.The Christians at Corinth produced highly divergent interpretations of what the Gospel demanded in the way of sexual ethics, ranging from libertinism to a complete rejection of both marriage and sexual intercourse. It is probable that the libertine party at Corinth had adopted slogans such as All things are permitted and Food is for the belly and the belly for food (implying that sexual intercourse is as uncomplicated an expression of natural desire as eating is). Paul argues that the body of a Christian belongs to Christ. Therefore, all sexual expression, then, must take Christs ownership into account. sexual urge with a prostitute might seem to establish no relationship at all beyond the brief one required for the sanctification of desire. Paul claims that every sexual act between man and woman established a union of flesh, like that of marriage. In other words, the prostitute and the man, who has used her, actually belong to each other for the duration of their sexual intercourse, though not beyond. In Pauls own terminology, the relationship thus established is one body but in the terminology of Genesis, it is a relationship of one flesh. Paul insisted that the man who had intercourse with the prostitute was not unchanged by that act. However, it was destructive of ones spirit the relation to Christ and to GodEvery sin that a person commits is outside the body, but the man who uses harlots is sinning against his own body. (1 Corinthians 18-20)It is evident that where Proverbs discourages a man from utilise prostitutes because he b elonged to his family, Paul discouraged it because he belonged to God. The body, the person as a whole, is the spirits temple, into which other forms of righteousness must not be introduced. One might well ask, then, whether the implication of this line of reasoning is not, finally, to interdict sexual intercourse altogether.1From whichever interpretation or opinion one adopts, as a Christian, or more to the point, as human beings, it should be understood that the use of prostitutes or the actual act of prostitution is both morally and ethically wrong. It is a sin against God, in that it undervalues the gift of love, through intercourse, given to us by God, and moreover, it shows a lack of respect for the body and minds of others.BIBLIOGRAPHYCave, S The Christian Way, Nisbet and Company Limited, 1963Countryman, L.W Dirt, Greed and Sex, Fortress Press, 1988Hays, R.B The lesson Vision of the New Testament, Harper Collins Publishers, 1996Manson, T.W Ethics and the Gospel, SCM Press Limited, 19601 Countryman, L Dirt, Greed and Sex p205

John Proctor - The Crucible Essay Example for Free

John reminder The Crucible EssaySupporting this subscribe to further are several personal credit lines from Millers pre-introductory notes His Putnams vindictive nature was demonstrated long beforehand witchcraft began. Not only does this reinforce our trust within the character of John Proctor, it always creates a likeness within him in the mind of the audience. Miller strives to achieve this more-so through Proctors apology of his absent wife to Abigail who aims to smite her Youll speak nothin of Elizabeth This is due to the fact loyalty is an undisputable likeable trait. The here and now our emotions towards John Proctor are challenged lay upon his treating of his housemaid upon the warrant of his wife to be arrested. Proctor handles her violently, though it is a snag partially excused due to its honest aim to free his wife. Thus, the challenging of our sympathetic as yet simultaneously self-righteous attitude to Proctor, only succeeds in strengthening it, through t he bare pardoning of his actions for their good intentions.It becomes apparent the good moral of John Proctor, within his decision to risk the definite pardon of his wife in order to aim to release his fellow innocent towns folk during the court scene of the play I I think I cannot. Ironically, this portrays Proctor as one of the only Puritans of the play, as he strives to surpass his own greed, in strive to clear his conscience and do what is best for the village. His unbowed Puritan values are also apparent earlier in the play when he suggests his intense disgust at Reverend Parris indulgence of golden candlesticks. Likewise, Proctors morality influences his decision to inform the court of his lechery with Abigail Williams. For this reason, Proctor rises even further in our levels of admiration. I have known her, sir I have known her. This line signifies Proctors fulfillment of complete morality, as he confesses his sins in hope to release innocent victims. Proctor becomes s omewhat heroic at this point, as lechery is a highly punishable crime at these times. The final bout in which Proctor reaches our highest admiration comes at the end of the play, when he decides he would rather face hanging, than deceit in the face of God.This selfless deed is what separates Proctor from the rest of the townspeople. His morality proves unrivalled, after several hints at its strength earlier in the play, such as his earlier converses with his wife upon his affair with Abigail, in which he becomes irritable at his wives judgment, despite her making almost no mention of it. This hints that Proctor has simply not forgiven himself for this deed, and rather than face the fact would rather put its blame upon someone else.Despite this, his character becomes arguably a martyr towards the deformation and destruction of the witch trials, as they seemingly dissolve after his remnant proves example to many others. Perhaps Miller may be comparing himself to the admirable charac ter of Proctor. by means of their both almost unjustified prejudice, Proctor for his lack of faith in the Puritan system, and Miller for his sarcastic outlook on capitalism. For this reason, perhaps Miller is justifying his actions to not confide the American Federal government at a later date, throughout his comparison of it to something quite revolutionary (the desolation of persecution. )

Showing cardiovascular and ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise Essay Example for Free

Showing cardiovascular and ventilatory responses at rest and during doing EssayAbstract Objective The objective of this experiment is to crush how the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters are alter by steady solid ground turn. Method The experiment was split into two stages, rest and apply. A spirometer, an electrocardiogram, a Douglas bag and a filiation tweet monitor were used at rest on the composition. In the set phase a Douglas bag and the seam impel monitor were used to saloon the field of forces volume of air and slant impel respectively.Results A positive correlation was figure for the message rate, total volume, atomic number 8 aspi balancen, carbonic acid gas business, p carbon dioxide, and % of CO2, present moment volume, ventilation rate, think arterial pressure and the number of breaths when the radical was exercising. The pO2, the %O2 and the respiratory quotient showed a negative correlation in the exercise phase. There was no signi fi basist salmagundi in the diastolic pressure in the exercise phase. The change in tidal volume, the systolic pressure and the pulse pressure during the exercise phase showed to vary over against theoretical cling tos and would require further studies to apologise these readings.Conclusion In conclusion m all of the parameters that were calculated supported previous experiments however the tidal volume, the systolic, diastolic and the pulse pressure were not conclusive enough to observe any signifi cannistert trend. Introduction The gay luggage compartment is a labyrinthian machine with many mysteries yet to discover. When the human genome project finished we had learnt much(prenominal)(prenominal) more or less our DNA and how complex the structure is. We had just scratched the service of our true potential. Our DNA plays a study(ip) role in whether we mother a good or poor cardiovascular system. This is in any case the selfsame(prenominal) for our respiratory system. Environmental divisors also contri unlesse to how effective our cardiovascular and respiratory system can be. each so often people from contrastive ethnic minimises complete against each other in events such as the Olympics and World athletic championship. Studies have shown that when exercise begins there is a rise in the cardiac output that is a consequence of an increase in the stroke volume and content rate ascrib able-bodied to the increase in rake circulation, there is a redistri barelyion of the blood to the workings muscle by vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the arterioles (coote, 1995).With this the body adapts to changes during steady domain exercise to optimise the performance and to prevent any injuries than can occur. Steady state exercise is when the body is performing at a moderate train of exercise producing a equilibrate between take of lactic acid and the removal of lactic acid through oxidation (Thompson, 2008) utilisation on a daily basis results in an soulfulness maintaining a healthy and balance lifestyle. A study in North America showed a group of elderly idiosyncratics between the ages of 55 to 70 performed aerophilous exercises for four months.The results showed that the experimental group improved their maximal oxygen role by 27% (Steinhaus, 1983). This study shows that even at senior age, exercises improves the resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure at rest, rest period habits, well being, hemodynamic and overall lifestyle changes. This study also included anaerobic exercises which too showed an improvement of the individuals health. On some occasions the production of lactic acid exceeds the removal of lactic acid.This ordinarily occurs when the VO2max is between 55% and 65% in healthy and un adroit athlete, however in highly trained endurance athletes this value can reach at 80% (McArdle, Katch Katch, 2006). This is known as the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), which refers to the aim of lac tate in the blood reaching around 4mM. L-1. performance physiologist traditionally used VO2max as the main benchmark to measure endurance exercise. This however does not fully develop all aspect of the athletes ability to do well in a race. An see long distance athlete commonly trains slightly above the point of OBLA (McArdle et al., 2006). Currently measuring exercise force by the OBLA has been a more effective and accurate way in indicating the individuals take aim of fitness (McArdle et al. , 2006) The causes for OBLA have not been conclusively proven as many believe it illustrate the point of muscle hypoxia which is when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen that is being sent to the muscles (McArdle et al. , 2006, p 320). withal the muscle lactate accumulation does not necessarily coincides with hypoxia, because the lactate in the blood can be formed even when there is a sufficient supply of oxygen.Nevertheless the imbalance between the production and elimination of l actate in the blood can cause OBLA (McArdle et al. , 2006). In this experiment the aims were to use assorted equipment to measure a range of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters and to investigate the ways in how the body of a healthy young individual responds to the changes when undertaking aerobic exercise at a stead state level at different intensities. The cardiovascular parameters were the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and the egress cardiac rhythm using an electrocardiogram.The respiratory parameters were the tidal volume, decisive capacity, oxygen and CO2 percentage, the number of breath in each minute, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, CO2 production, the respiratory quotient and to analyse how the aerobic response changes at different intensities. Material and method This experiment was performed by using the guidepost set in the University of Hertfordshire Level 1 Human Physiology Practical Booklet cod e number 1LFS003. The side by side(p) changes were made and these amendments were about the level of resistance.At level two the exercise force was changed from 80W to 75W and the same went for level tether from 110W to 100W. And instead of using only two levels that were indicated in the practical booklet at rascal 20, a third level was initiated which had a workload of 75W. When using the spirometry, instead of using a counter-balance ball up holder with a writing pen attached to the counterweight, all spirometry parameters were recorded using the computer and the capable just has to inspire and expire through a tube that is connected to the computer.Results The landing fields BMI was calculated using his height and weight mensural before the start of the experiment. The total practical time was common chord hours in which the first hour was used to measure the control variables and cardiogram. The remaining two hours were used to runnel the different physical levels and write down the data. The %O2 was measured in the Douglas bag decreased as the intensity of the exercise increased composition the %CO2 was increasing resulting in the pCO2 and the pO2 to increase and decrease respectively.Both the O2 consumption and the CO2 production increased with each level however the rate of CO2 production was greater than the rate of O2 consumption causing the respiratory quotient to be higher than unrivalled. The number of breaths where increasing as the intensity of the exercise increased, precisely the value for the control was higher than each level. This caused the total volume of air in the Douglas bag to increase but the total volume of the control was higher than level unity but not for level two or threesome. As the volume of air increased so did the ventilation rate and the minute volume. nonetheless the tidal volume did not have a linear pattern. among the control and level one there was a sharp increase in the tidal volume, but during level two and three the tidal volume started to decrease. Figure 1 shows the CO2 production and the O2 consumption at the different exercise intensity. There was a large increase in the subjects heart rate from the control to level one and from level one to level two, but from level two to level three the heart rate started the plateau. Figure 2 show how each exercise power touch on the heart rate of the subject. The systolic pressure increased dramatically from the control to level one.But there was a decrease in the systolic blood pressure from level one to level two and eventually a rise in the systolic blood pressure from level two to level three. The diastolic pressure decreased from the control to level one and from level one to level two the diastolic blood pressure increased. At level two to level three the diastolic pressure decreased. Both the diastolic blood pressure at level one and three was scurvyer than the control value, which caused the pulse pressure to be confusable during level one and three but the pulse pressure during level two was very different.With the changes of the blood pressure that occurred during each level the mean arterial pressure increased gradually from the control to level three. Figure 3 shows how the blood pressures were affected by the change in the exercise intensity Before the exercise we tested the subjects lung function by using a spirometer. Figure 4 shows the respiratory parameters of the spirograph. The ratio of the force vital capacity (FVC) and the force vital capacity expired in one second (FEV1. 0) was above the regular value of 85% (McArdle et al. , 2006, p 298).An electrocardiogram was also carried out to determine the subjects heart rate and to analyse each wave of a single cardiac cycle. Figure 5 shows the ECG of the subject showing the different waves in a single cardiac cycle. The T wave represents the repolarisation of the ventricles, the P wave represents the depolarisation of the atria, the QRS complex is the depolarisation of both ventricles, as the ventricles is larger in size than the atria the QRS complex has a larger teetotum and trough. The RR interval is the time taken for the R wave to appear again on the ECG (Fox, 2011).The ECG shows that the subject has a normal heart rate subjected to his age. Discussion Our major findings is that there is a decreasing trend in pO2, %O2, the respiratory quotient, and the diastolic blood pressure while there is an increasing trend in pCO2, %CO2, heart rate, systolic and mean arterial pressure, all respiratory parameters except for the O2 levels. As the exercise power increased the %O2 and the pO2 decreased which causes the working muscles to require more oxygen to keep up with the necessarys of the aerobic intensity. However the level of expired CO2 that is collected in the Douglas bag increased as the intensity increased.This is due to the increase production of CO2 in the working muscles during respiration. In all, the level of oxyg en consumed and CO2 produced caused the respiratory quotient to be slightly above one. The respiratory quotient is the ratio between the total amounts of CO2 that is being produced to the amount of oxygen needed (McArdle et al. , 2006, p 240). During the exercise phase, the subject was catabolising the carbohydrates that he consumed prior to the experiment. As the values are very close to one, all the calories were derived from the carbohydrates that the subject consumed (McArdle et al., 2006) The subjects tidal volume increased from the control to level 1 where there was a peak at level one. The increase in the tidal volume from the control to level one was when the demand for energy increases, the tidal volume increases by expanding into both the inspiratory reserve and the expiratory reserve (Smith Plowman, 2008). However during level two and three the tidal volume started to decrease. This cannot be explained as sources say that exercising really increases the tidal volume (Ga rrett Kirkendall, 2000) and so further investigation is needed to be performed at different exercise power.The spirometer was used to measure the subjects lung function and this instrument would have indicated if there are any obstructions present in the airways. By using the ratio between the FVC and FEV1. 0, the subject can be place in having any lung obstruction or none at all (McArdle et al. , 2006). The spirometer produced an accurate value of the tidal volume at rest, while using the Douglas bag ventilating system forcefully can overinflate the bag which can produce an overestimation of the tidal volume. Also determining the number of breaths was difficult as the non returning breathing valve was moving very quickly to accurately count it.The parameters that were measured were the total lung capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity and tidal volume. The value of the subjects tidal volume u sing the spirometer was 1. 5L. This value exceeds the intermediate value of 500ml which has been given in many different studies of a young adult male (Normal breathing, 2010). This shows that the subject has a large lung capacity, indicating that the subject has maintained a good level of fitness.During exercise the heart rate increased due to the CO2 levels stimulating the chemoreceptors in the aortic arch which overall results in an individual inspiring more O2 and expiring CO2 quickly (McArdle et al. , 2006). With an increase in the heart rate the systolic pressure of the blood vessels also increased. systolic pressure is the pressure in the aorta when the ventricles are contracting (McArdle et al. , 2006, p334), and due to the heart rate increasing at each level the systolic pressure correlates to the change in the heart rate. The diastolic pressure is the modify of blood to the arteries when the muscles are contracting.The trend, with the value at level two ignored, see that as the exercise power increases the diastolic pressure decreases. This is because the blood vessels dilate which in turn reduced the diastolic pressure (R. Noah, ain communication, June 7, 2000). The mean arterial pressure is the average blood pressure of an individual during a cardiac cycle. The value of the mean arterial pressure increased gradually when the exercise intensity increased because of the systolic pressure increasing at a greater rate than the diastolic pressure, which deceased relatively slow.The ECG and the blood pressure monitor were used to measure the subjects heart rate and blood pressure respectively. Both ECG and the blood pressure monitor measured the heart rate as similar values when the subject was not exercising. While the blood pressure monitor only measures the heart rate, the ECG is used to detect if the patients heart is beating normally. The results from the ECG indicate the subjects heart is beating at a normal rate and rhythm. However during the p ractical the value of the blood pressure during level 2 did not match with the other levels and the control.The systolic pressure was lower than the systolic pressure of the control. This is due to an error that was occurring with the machine when the subjects blood pressure was being measured and the fact that the subject was perspiring which caused the machine to slip, making it difficult to acquire an appropriate reading. With the error present at level two the value for the mean arterial pressure was also an anomaly. To make sure how results were true a second reading for each level was planned however, there was a time constraint which prevented the use of calculating an average.During the beginning of the practical, the subject found it difficult to maintain the speed of 50 revolutions per minute which was prescribed in the practical booklet, which could have made the value inaccurate. Some other areas where this experiment can go further is the oddment in the respiratory and cardiovascular parameters between different gender groups. They have been a few studies with regards to male and female such Leddy, Horvath, Rowland Pendergest (1997) which mentions the effects of a high or low fat diet on the cardiovascular factor between female and male runners.Another factor to consider is the use of age and how that affects the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Introducing subjects who have illnesses such as asthma, chronic preventative pulmonary disease or other cardiovascular co-morbidities would show how the heart is working when it is damaged. The one job is that the subjects would need careful monitoring by healthcare professional. As this experiment was focussing on the aerobic exercise, an anaerobic experiment can be implemented with subjects that are trained athletes and untrained athletes to see the difference in their cardiovascular and respiratory parameters.You could also include male and female subjects with the similar athletic back ground to perform some anaerobic experiments to see if there are any significant differences between the two. You could also introduce different ethnic groups and see if there is any significant difference in the results. extension service Coote, J. H. (1995) Cardiovascular responses to exercise central and reflex contributions in JORDAN, D. , and MARSHALL, J. (Eds) Cardiovascular regulation (Portland, London, 1995), Garrett, W. E. , Kirkendall, D. T. (2000). Exercise and sport science. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams Wilkins Leddy, J Horvath, P., Rowland, J. Pendergast D. (1997) Effect of a high or a low fat diet on cardiovascular risk factors in male and female runners. . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(1), 17-25 Normal breathing (2010) atrocious DIY breathing device. online Available at http//www. normalbreathing. com/nb-word/DIY-device-short-2010. pdf Accessed 5 Jan 2013. McArdle, W. D. , Katch, F. I. , Katch, V. L. (2006). Essential of Exercise Physiology . (3rd ed. ). Santa Barbara Fitness Technology, Inc. McArdle, W. D. , Katch, F. I. , Katch, V. L. (2001). Exercise physiology energy, nutrition, and human performance.Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Smith, D. L. Plowman, S. A. (2008) Exercise physiology for Health, Fitness and Performance. (2nd ed . ). Baltimore Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Steinhaus, L. A. (1983). Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Training in the Elderly. Unpublished thesis, University of Utah, Utah Thompson, G. , James, N. W. James, R. (2008). OCR PE for AS. Oxon Bookpoint Ltd. Raizwan. N. (June 7, 2000). inception pressure. Message posted on MadSci Network, archived at http//www. madsci. org/posts/archives/jun2000/960410763. Me. r. html. AppendixAll the results that were made were placed into a table with each level indicated and the control as well. The table below shows the respiratory and cardiovascular parameters of the subject during rest and exercise. Table shows the cardiovascular and re spiratory parameters of the subject at each level and the baseline of the O2 and the CO2 in the classroom. To calculate the mean arterial pressure you As the mean arterial pressure indicates the average blood pressure of a human, the diastolic phase is longer than the systolic phase, hence the reason to cipher the diastolic pressure by two.By using the values of the blood pressure the mean arterial pressure can be calculated The ventilation rate is the rate at which the air strike into the lungs and out of the lungs. This can easily be calculated by the following equivalence This is the value at the control level When calculated the ventialtion rate it is more effective to calculate the mintue ventilation instead as this corresponds to the amount of air that enters and leaves the lung in one minute.This is also a pretty sraight forwards equation The minute volmume is used to indicate a quantitive value to the minute ventilation as the minute volume is about the amount of air insp ired and expired in one minute. The minute volume is the product of the tidal volume and the minute ventilation as shown in this equation The partial pressure of the two gases, oxygen and CO2 are used to measuere the amount of oxygen and CO2 that are being expired by the body. The equations for the two gases are shown belowThe oxygen consumption is the amount of oxygen that the person inspires and transported to the cells by haemoglobin. This is to measure the efficiency of the subject how much oxygen is that person actually using? The equation is The CO2 production is the amount of CO2 that is expired from the lungs by the knead of gases exchange between oxygen and CO2. Through the process of respiration, the cells produce CO2 as a waste product, and with the help of diffusion, the pCO2 in the cells is higher than in the blood stream so diffusion takes place.The equation is The respiratory quotient is used to measure what type of fuel the individual is consuming (McArdle et al. , 2006) and the equation is shown below. The peak expiratory flow is used to determine how fast the person is able to expire and is used to test the function of the lungs and to see if there are any obstructions are present. The equation and example are The equation for the FEV1 FVC and example that was used during the experiment To calculate the BMI The value of the subjects BMI was