Thw Pathophysiology Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

Thw Pathophysiology Of Diabetes Health And fond C atomic number 18 EssayMillions of people around the world suffer from Diabetes Mellitus. It is a chronic disease in which the eubstance sack up non gain enough insulin or the body is resistant or abnormally responds to the insulin beingness produced. The result of these branchings exact the individual be approach shot hyperglycemic, meaning the sugar in their neckcloth is august, which shag secondarily lead to to a greater extent serious health problems. on that point are different oddballs of Diabetes Mellitus and they acknowledge Type 1-Also known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes and it is suggested that it is an autoimmune disorder. It most commonly affects children and adults (20-40 years old). It excessively most commonly affects non-hispanic whites, African Americans and Hispanic Americans. The pathophysiology of this font of Diabetes is defined as the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin that is drive d for normal body processes. The individuals immune clay secretes substances that attack the beta cells of the pancreas, besides known as the islets of Langerhans, resulting in diminished or no insulin being produced. Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes can fore regard symptoms of polyuria ( change magnitude urine), Polydipsia ( adjoind thirst), Polyphagia ( appendd hunger or eating) weight loss, na lend oneselfa, blurred vision, fatigue and weakness, energy cramps, gastroin ravelinal symptoms and peripheral neuropathy (numbing and tingling in both hands and feet). The second attri exactlye of Diabetes is Type 2 Diabetes, also known as non-insulin dependent Diabetes or adult onset diabetes. 90-95% of Diabetics let this example of diabetes, 20% of that number coming from the population over 65 years of age. 55% of individuals are obese. The pathophysiology of this lawsuit of Diabetes is simply defined as being insulin resistant. Insulin is un eliminateablenessed to move gilly flower sugar into the cells where it can be stored for later use. Having type 2 Diabetes makes the fat, muscle cells and liver resistant to insulin, resulting in line of credit sugar not posture into the cells to be stored for energy. This results in the rip glucose level becoming elevated which triggers the pancreas to produce more and more insulin only if not enough for the bodys demand. Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes can expect symptoms much(prenominal) as Blurred vision, fatigue, frequent or slow-healing infections, increased appetite, increased thirst, increased micturition and erectile dysfunction. The third type of Diabetes is Gestational Diabetes. This type of Diabetes is only diagnosed during pregnancy. The pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes is defined as being the body not being able to make or use all of the insulin it needs for pregnancy. It is said that the hormones released from the placenta, block the deed of the m separates insulin, resulting in elevat ed line of credit sugar. This can be extremely dangerous for mother and baby. The duplicate blood glucose goes through the placenta, giving the baby high blood glucose levels resulting in the babys pancreas to make extra insulin to get rid of the excess blood glucose reliable from the mother. This extra energy give result in being stored as fat, which can lead to macrosomia, or fat baby. The baby can also have low blood glucose levels at birth, which will in flip give them breathing problems. These babies also have a high pretend for obesity. Women with gestational diabetes have very few symptoms, but those documented overwhelm excessive weight gain, excessive hunger or thirst, excessive urination or recurrent vaginal infections.The exact yards of Diabetes is still unknown to medical scientists but what is known is that certain factors also known as endangerment factors may contribute to the disease. These risk factors vary with what type of Diabetes the individual has but some(a) of them coincide with each other. Type 1 Diabetes is is considered an autoimmune disease, which is the cause of 0.3% of type 1 cases. Other risks factors admit the individual being genetically susceptible to the disease, having a measly diet or being malnourished, and the purlieu in which the individual lives that may give off a virus that affects the pancreas. With Type 2 Diabetes, genetics also play a mountainous role as with Type 1 Diabetes. The offspring is more potential to rear Diabetes if the mother had diabetes, and 2 to 3% of offspring will develop diabetes from their father is diabetic. If both parents are diabetics, the risk is much greater. Other risk factors include, age-80% of all cases occur later on the age of 50, poor diet, as with type 1, obesity and fat distribution-having excess body fat over 30% will result in increased insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, idiom, certain medicines-clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasido ne, infection- much(prenominal) as strephylococci, sex-more common in women especially those with a history of multiple pregnancies and those slimy from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Hypertension, and high triglycerides and cholesterin levels-which lead to high blood sugars.There are many consequences for the individual that poorly controls their Diabetes and these consequences are generally the identical for both types of Diabetes. Individuals that have had Diabetes for 10 to 15 years are at risk for eye problems such as Retinopathy-which is damage to the small blood vessels and impudence endings that are responsible for vision. Large blood glucose levels can also cause blurred vision, and difficulty in focusing. Cataracts are also more similarly to occur in elderly person with Diabetes. Other consequences include kidney problems known as Nephropathy. The kidney filters waste products from our bodies and expels this waste into the urine. If blood sugar is elevated, increased gl ucose is filtering through the kidneys, which will in time, cause kidney damage which will require dialysis or kidney transplantation. Screening for this complicatedness is recommended 2 years after diagnosis of diabetes in adolescents and 5 years in individuals diagnosed with diabetes after puberty. Nerve problems such as Neuropathy (nerve damage) are also cause for concern in those with Diabetes. Symptoms of this complication include numbness or feelings of pins and needles in the extremities. It is not typically piece in young people but can arise with poor control of Diabetes. If neuropathy is found in the early stages, it can be converse with improved Diabetes control. Vascular Disease is another complication arising from poorly controlled Diabetes. This complication can be very serious because it can lead to burden attacks and strokes due to the narrowing or blockages of the large blood vessels. Those individuals with secondary diseases such as untreated high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels or those who smoke are at greater risk for this type of complication. Foot problems, due to decreased blood flow or nerve problems are also possible complications. Although children and adolescents generally do not get this complication, it is always advised that they protect their feet from injury. Plantar warts, calluses, corns and in grown toe nails will be slower to heal with the high sugar environs so proper care of these issues is fundamental to pr flusht more hike up damage. Aside from complications that can arise from poorly controlled diabetes, there are other medical conditions that are at higher risk with the individual has diabetes and those include thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and coeliac disease-which is an autoimmune condition in which the body descriptors antibodies against the protein gluten, which can be found in rye, oats, barley and wheat. umpteen medications are used for the treatment of Diabetes I and II. Everyone with Type 1 Diabetes and some with Type 2 Diabetes must mastermind Insulin to control their diabetes if diet and act upon is not effective. Insulin cannot be taken in a pill get because the stomach enzymes break it down, so most people inject it or use an insulin pump. The most commonly used form of insulin is the synthetic military man insulin, which is chemically identical to human insulin. The only problem with this type of insulin is that it doesnt pantomime the way natural insulin is secreted, but there are newer types of insulin called insulin analogs that more well resembles the way natural insulin acts in the body. The medications used for the management of type 2 diabetes include Sulfonylurea drugs-which stimulate the pancreas to produce and release more insulin, Meglitinides- which work like the Sulfonylureas, but the long-suffering is less likely to develop low blood sugar and they work quickly and results fade rapidly, Biguanides-which inhibits the production and release of glucose from the liver, which performer you need less insulin to transport blood sugar into your cells, Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors-which block the action of enzymes in your digestive tract that break down carbohydrates. This means blood is absorbed into your bloodstream more slowly, which helps prevent the rapid rise in blood sugar that usually occurs right after a repast. Thiazolidinediones- This drug makes your body tissues more sensitive to insulin and keep your liver from overproducing glucose. Drug Combinations- Which is a combination of these drugs which will control the individuals blood sugar in some(prenominal) different ways.Nutrition plays a big part of Diabetes and may even cure Type 2 diabetes. Any food you eat will raise your blood sugar with its highest peak 1 to 2 hours after you eat, and how much you eat, and the time of day can have an impact on how high it is. Many people think that is order to control diabetes, you have to follo w the diabetes diet which includes boring and bland foods but that is only a myth. In order to control diabetes, fruits (because fruits contain sugar fructose, which does not need insulin for its metabolism and well tolerated for diabetics), vegetables (raw vegetables should be taken liberally because they stimulate and increase insulin production), whole grains, foods that are high in nutrition and low in fat and calories, fewer animal products (increases the toxemic condition underlying the diabetic show and inhibit the sugar tolerance) and fewer sweets is what needs to be implemented. It is also important to eat 4 to 5 small meals a day sooner of 3 to keep your blood sugar balanced so its not low at some points and sky rocketing others. It is also suggested that caffeine products such as coffee, cocoa, and tea be avoided because of their adverse influence on the digestive tract. Other foods that should be avoided are white flour products, sugar, tinned fruits, sweets, chocolat es, pastries, pies, puddings, splendid cereals and alcoholic drinks. Finally, the do- considerably foods that every diabetic should be eating include celery, cucumbers, beans, onion, and garlic. alimentation a nutritious diet is the first step in irresponsible your diabetes.Exercise is good for everyone but it is especially important for diabetics to partake in some form of operation most days. Exercise improves your bodys use of insulin, ruin excess body fat, helping to decrease and control weight-(improved insulin sensitivity), improves muscle strength, increases jampack density and strength, lowers blood pressure lowers LDLs and increases HDLs, improves circulation, increases energy level and reduces stress. It is important to see a doctor before you start an exercise regimen but once an individual gets the free and clear, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise such as walking, hiking, jogging, biking, tennis, cross-country skiing and swimming or good choices. When exercising the bo dy needs extra energy in the form of glucose for exercising the muscles so with exercise, the liver can release stored glucose, and the muscles can take up glucose at almost 20 times the normal rate, which lowers blood sugar levels. It is important for the individual to not overdo it though because heavy exercise can actually have the opposite affect and increase blood sugar levels because the body recognizes intense exercise as stress and releases stress hormones that tell your body to increase available sugar to provoke your muscle. If this happens, insulin will be needed after the workout. As long as the individual follows a safe exercise routine, diabetes can be controlled and with along with a correct diet, may even be cured.A crystalise teaching plan for diabetes mellitus includes advising the patient on the importance of an individualized meal plan by reducing carbohydrates and stressing that fad diets are not recommended and can make the condition worse, discuss the goals of dietary therapy for the patient, and if the patient is obese, setting a goal of 10% of patients body weight over several months to reduce blood sugar. Explain the importance of exercise in maintaining and reducing body weight and lowering blood sugar, demonstrate and thoroughly explain the role for insulin self-injection and bespeak them to re-demonstrate it to you to show understanding and review dosage and time of injections in relation to meals, activity, and bedtime based on insulin regimen. Teach patient how important it is to test blood sugar before meals to avoid hypoglycemia and after meals to avoid hyperglycemia and teach them how to correctly monitor blood sugar and ask them to re-demonstrate it to you to insure accuracy. Explain the symptoms to look for when possible complications of the disease arise. Encourage patient to wear an identification bracelet in the case that the patient is unable(p) to speak and needs medical treatment. Teach the family or caregiver th e corresponding information to ensure competency. Provide emotional support for the patient and the family.Diabetes is a rapidly growing disease that everyone needs to be aware so everyone can work together to bring it to an end. Although some cases will neer be eliminated, education, diligence and hard work will reduce the summate of people that have it or are diagnosed with it and the complications will be decreased. Without that, the poetry will continue to increase.